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Mariza Eva Marvanykö * 1927

Martin-Luther-Straße 25 (Hamburg-Mitte, Neustadt)

1941 Riga
ermordet

further stumbling stones in Martin-Luther-Straße 25:
Ella Marvanykö, Ilonka Rebecca Marvanykö

Ella Marvanykö, née Italiener, born on 29 Nov. 1899 in Hamburg, deported on 6 Dec. 1941 to Riga-Jungfernhof
Ilonka Rebecca Marvanykö, born on 2 Sept. 1922 in Hamburg, deported to Riga-Jungfernhof on 6 Dec. 1941
Mariza Eva Marvanykö, born on 30 Dec. 1927 in Hamburg, deported on 6 Dec. 1941 to Riga-Jungfernhof

Martin-Luther-Strasse 25

Ella Marvanykö came from a long-established Jewish family in Hamburg, whose ancestors had been expelled from the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the sixteenth century because of their faith. The Sephardim, as they were called because of their origins, maintained their own Jewish community in Hamburg and cultivated family relationships.

The great-grandparents of Ella Marvanykö were the language teacher Jehuda Cassuto (born on 4 Sept. 1808 in Amsterdam, died on 10 Mar. 1883) and Lea, née Rocamora (died on 30 July 1883), as well as Jacob Moses Italiener (died on 28 Aug. 1857) and Jette, née Rothenburg (died on 20 Dec. 1884).

Their children Salomon Italiener (born on 14 June 1831, died on 28 May 1910) and Rebecca Cassuto (born on 5 May 1840, died on 26 Nov. 1918) had married in 1862 in Hamburg. The married couple Salomon and Rebecca Italiener had moved to Neuer Steinweg 66, where they founded an umbrella factory, which they operated for the next decades. Their granddaughter Ella, born on 29 Nov. 1899, grew up with her mother, the tailor Henriette/Henny Italiener (born on 15 June 1876) in the household of her grandparents.

Nine days before her twenty-second birthday, on 20 Nov. 1921, Ella married Elek (called Alex) Marvanykö, a merchant who was 13 years her senior. He had moved from Munich to Hamburg only shortly before the wedding. He came from Zolnok (Szolnok) near Budapest, where he was born on 24 Apr. 1886. His parents were Jews who had immigrated to Hungary from Romania. As was customary at the time, Ella Marvanykö also received her husband’s Hungarian citizenship when getting married.

The Marvanykö couple had two daughters: Ilonka Rebecca was born on 2 Sept. 1922 and Mariza Eva on 30 Dec. 1927. The family lived at Bundesstrasse 14 and in Oct. 1927, at Martin-Luther-Strasse 25. Elek Marvanykö operated "Süddeutsche Bürsten und Pinselfabrik” in Barmbek at Hamburgerstrasse 5-9 (today Hamburger Strasse), specializing in ring brushes and ceiling brushes. He opened a branch at Volksdorferstrasse 5. When a regular customer cancelled his orders, however, production had to be discontinued in times of the world economic crisis due to a lack of sales opportunities. The Marvanykö family ran into financial difficulties and applied for welfare benefits. Two moves followed. The family lived as subtenants at Osterstrasse 98 and Brüderstrasse 38. From the beginning of June 1929 onward, the couple was registered as residing in the St. Georg quarter at Rostocker Strasse 44, where Ella’s mother Henriette Italiener also lived in the household. In 1930, Elek Marvanykö went to Berlin in the hope of finding work. When he returned to Hamburg in 1931, he found employment with Franz Mettner, "Herren und Jünglingskleidung,” a men and boys’ outfitter at Grosse Bleichen 67. In Aug. 1934, he attempted again to establish a new livelihood for himself in his industry at "another location.” His family was to follow him as soon as he had established himself. However, Ella Marvanykö never saw her husband again. In the middle of 1935, he was registered as a subtenant on Lützowstrasse in Berlin. For a while, he also stayed in Leipzig. A Nuremberg company, to which he had sold a patent, owed him the license fees. In 1936, he sought legal action in Dresden. In Bodenbach, northern Bohemia (today Decin, Czech Republic), he was on the road as a commissioned sales representative with books. In Prague, he then lived without a job and he was no longer able to send money home. At that time, Ella Marvanykö no longer knew exactly where her husband was. She wrote him letters in care of general delivery to Dresden and Bodenbach and worried that he might become stateless.

Ella Marvanykö tried to earn her living by renting out rooms and working as a domestic help. In Aug. 1936, however, a clerk at the employment office on Holstenwall refused her, as a "foreign national,” a work permit. She was enlisted to do heavy compulsory labor in a wool-combing mill in Wilhelmsburg, which she was unable to perform. She suffered from deficiency symptoms, was malnourished, and had bladder and gall problems. The apartment on Rostocker Strasse had to be abandoned due to rent arrears. With her mother Henriette and her children, she moved to the Grindel quarter, where they lived as subtenants in extremely modest circumstances at various addresses. Henriette Italiener had been dismissed for lack of work in 1934 after five years of working in the sewing room of the German-Israelitic Community at Rothenbaumchaussee 38. Since then, the Community had supported her with food. In 1938, the Jewish Community assumed the costs for a stenography and typing course for Ella Marvanykö, who hoped to work as a clerk in Hamburg or later with her husband in Hungary.

Daughter Ilonka attended the elementary and secondary school (Volks- und Realschule) of the Jewish Community at Carolinenstrasse 35 and was described as a very tender and good, ambitious student. Despite a good evaluation, the application for an extension of her schooling was rejected. In Mar. 1937, Ilonka had to leave school and began an apprenticeship at the Jewish Vocational School for Tailors at Heimhuder Strasse 70. The two-year craft training there was also recognized as hachshara), i.e., preparation for and prerequisite for a life in Palestine.

The younger daughter Mariza was still a student at the school on Carolinenstrasse when the Nazis ordered it to merge with the Talmud Tora School on Grindelhof. The entire school was moved back to Carolinenstrasse in Sept. 1939, when Reich Governor (Reichsstatthalter) Karl Kaufmann decided to make the school building on Grindelhof available to the Hansische Hochschule für Lehrerbildung, a teacher training college. In Dec. 1939, the school on Carolinenstrasse was renamed "elementary and secondary school for Jews” ("Volks- und Höhere Schule für Juden”).

At the beginning of 1939, Ella Marvanykö had to settle "passport matters” at the Hungarian consulate in Hamburg and learned that she and the children were now stateless, i.e., they could no longer enter Hungary. It is quite possible that this was the reason why Ella Marvanykö, her mother Henriette Italiener, and the two children Ilonka and Mariza volunteered for the "evacuation” to Riga on 6 Dec. 1941, although they had not yet been scheduled for deportation. Maybe they hoped to get somehow closer toward Hungary.

Ella and Ilonka were put on the list with the occupational designation of "factory workers,” Henriette Italiener as "tailor,” and Mariza as "schoolgirl,” and Grindelallee 184 with Cohen was noted as the address. With their deportation to Riga-Jungfernhof, all traces of them disappear. Whether Elek Marvanykö experienced the end of the war in Hungary is unknown.

On 15 July 1942, two sisters of Henriette Italiener were on a transport to the ghetto in Theresienstadt, both already widowed. Jenny Harburg, née Italiener (born on 13 Jan. 1866), was murdered in the Treblinka extermination camp on 21 Sept. 1942. Anita (Annita) Urich-Sass, née Italiener (born on 17 July 1863), died on 18 Dec. of the same year in Theresienstadt (see Freschel family, Stolpersteine in Hamburg-Barmbek).

Translator: Erwin Fink
Kindly supported by the Hermann Reemtsma Stiftung, Hamburg.

Stand: May 2020
© Susanne Rosendahl

Quellen: 1; 4; StaH 351-14 Arbeits- und Sozialfürsorge 1529 (Marvanykö, Elek); StaH 351-14 Arbeits- und Sozialfürsorge 1314 (Italiener, Henriette); StaH 332-5 Standesämter 1883 u 2834/1876; StaH 332-5 Standesämter 137 u 3114/1883; StaH 332-5 Standesämter 5179 u 2621/1884; StaH 332-5 Standesämter 340 u 477/1893; StaH 332-5 Standesämter 6589 u 906/1921; StaH 332-5 Standesämter 13176 u 3855/1899; StaH 332-5 Standesämter 789 u 1067/1918; StaH 332-5 Standesämter 636 u 403/1910; StaH 522-1 Jüdische Gemeinde Nr. 992 e 2 Band 3; StaH 522-1 Jüdische Gemeinde Nr. 992 e 2 Band 4; Hamburger Adressbuch 1925; Meyer: Verfolgung, S. 64; Studemund-Halévy: Sefarden, S. 352; Randt: Talmud Tora Schule, S. 169.
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