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Reha Menco * 1942

Ilandkoppel 68 (Hamburg-Nord, Ohlsdorf)

1943 Theresienstadt
1944 Auschwitz
ermordet

further stumbling stones in Ilandkoppel 68:
Siegmund Falkenthal, Lisa Menco, Manfred Menco, Rolf Menco

Lisa Menco, née Mathias, born on 13.10.1918 in Cuxhaven, deported on 10.3.1943 to Theresienstadt, deported on 5.10.1944 to Auschwitz and murdered

Manfried Menco, born on 10.7.1910 in Hamburg, deported on 10.3.1943 to Theresienstadt, deported on 6.10.1944 to Auschwitz and murdered

Rolf Menco, born on 20.7.1938 in Hamburg, deported on 10.3.1943 to Theresienstadt, deported on 6.10.1944 to Auschwitz and murdered

Reha Menco, born on 1.1.1942 in Hamburg, deported on 10.3.1943 to Theresienstadt, deported on 6.10.1944 to Auschwitz and murdered.

Ilandkoppel 68 (formerly Ihlandstraße)

Manfried Menco was born on July 10, 1910 in Hamburg as a Dutch citizen. His father Jacob Menco (born 3.4.1886 in Arnhem, Netherlands) was a shoemaker and came to Hamburg via Dülmen on May 12, 1908. A year later, on May 21, 1909, Manfried's parents had married in Hamburg. Manfried's mother Sophie, née Weinberg (born 5.1.1881), was a native of Hamburg. Eleven days later, on June 1, 1909, his maternal grandfather Nathan Weinberg had died at the age of 72 in his apartment, Kleiner Schäferkamp 32. Nathan Weinberg (born 22.4.1837 in Hamburg) had been married to Friederike, née Jacobsohn, since 1873. He worked as a "Productenhändler" (i.e. traded with local, presumably agricultural products) since 1866 together with his three years younger brother Simon Weinberg at Herrengraben 95.
When Manfried's mother was six years old, the Gebr. Weinberg company, along with a warehouse filled with bed feathers, down, Kroll hair, leather cloth and articles for the brush manufactory, was located at 2 Marktstraße 25, with a branch at Wilhelmstraße 26. In 1897, Nathan Weinberg was then granted Hamburg citizenship.
Manfried's maternal great-grandfather, the "Handelsmann" (merchant) Neumann Nathan Weinberg, came from Norden in East Frisia and his great-grandmother Caroline, née Cohen, from Altona.

Manfried's paternal grandparents, Mozes Menco (born 1860 in Arnhem), and Helena, née Gobas Mozes (born 1862 in Oldenzaal), had lived in Arnhem in the Netherlands. Mozes Menco, a tailor by trade, had died in Arnhem on December 25, 1894, at the age of only 34, when Manfried's father was eight years old. Manfried's family tree on his father's side can be traced back to his great-great-great-great-grandfather Nathan Samuel Menko (born 1720 in Bergfeld, Neustrelitz). He was married to Sophia Izaks and had founded a family in Oldenzaal in the Netherlands.

After their marriage, Manfried's parents lived in Hamburg in the Grindelviertel, initially at Rutschbahn 17, where Manfried was born. In the spring of the year of his birth, his uncle Henri Menco, his father's brother, who was a year younger, had also come to Hamburg. He worked as a butcher. Manfried's parents ran a shoe goods and repair store at Rappstraße 34, for which an advertisement appeared in the Hamburg "Israelitisches Familienblatt" on January 8, 1912. In this year Manfried's younger sister Helene Nanni was born on November 22, 1912. She died as an infant on April 8, 1913, of pneumonia in the apartment at Rappstraße 14.

The master shoemaker Jacob Menco paid tax at that time on an income of 1500 marks per year. Manfried's uncle Abraham Menco, the youngest of his father's three brothers, also came to Hamburg, lived there in the Grindelviertel and worked as a journeyman butcher. A year later Manfried and his mother suffered a heavy blow. Jacob Menco died on his 28th birthday, April 3, 1914, in Merano. He had suffered from tuberculous menengitis and had been treated at the municipal sanatorium in Merano. Jakob Menco was buried two days later in the Merano Jewish cemetery.

Manfried's mother Sophie Menco had acquired Dutch citizenship through her marriage, and so had Manfried. After the death of his father, his mother Sophie Menco and thus he, too, at the age of four, were naturalized in Hamburg on July 21, 1914, in accordance with the application. Two guarantors had certified that Sophie Menco was known as a proper woman and recommended naturalization. The police authorities accordingly had no reservations and noted that Sophie Menco had been completely blameless since birth. The family continued to live at Rappstraße 14, first floor.

Two years after the death of Manfried's father, his brother Abraham returned to Naarden in Holland.

Sophie Menco had taken over her husband's trade license from 1908, she was now the owner of the shoemaker's shop. It will have been a difficult time for her. In the cult tax file of the German-Israelite community it is noted that her taxes were waived during that time.

Manfried attended the Talmud Torah school. In the school records his birthplace is given as Holland. In 1919 he attended class 1a. In singing his grades were particularly good. Across the street on Rappstraße lived his classmates Joachim Pötzger and Benno Offenburg. (The latter became known as Israeli historian Baruch Zwi Ophir, he founded the Association of former Jewish Hamburgers, Bremers and Lübeckers in Israel in 1960).

Manfried's mother Sophie Menco tried to make a living in the difficult period after World War I and had a trade license issued in May 1921. She maintained a private lunch counter in her apartment at Rappstraße 14.

The following year, life took a tragic turn for Manfried. On October 16, 1922, his mother Sophie Menco died of congestive heart failure at the Israelite Hospital at the age of 41. She had previously given birth to another daughter on June 23, 1922. Leni died at the age of four months, three weeks after her mother, on November 8, 1922, also in the Israelite Hospital.

Manfried was now an orphan at the age of twelve and had no siblings. His grandmother, the widow Friederike Weinberg, was 74 years old at the time and lived at Kleiner Schäferkamp 32. She was supported by the Lewinsohn S. Foundation, which owned the house. The grandparents had run the former household business there. Manfried's aunt Bertha Weinberg (born 3.5.1882 in Hamburg), his mother's unmarried sister, also lived there.

Manfried continued to attend Talmud Torah school. From the passport record made for him as a student in 1926, we learn that he was of medium height and had dark brown hair and dark brown eyes. He needed the passport for a trip to Holland, presumably to visit his relatives in Arnhem. His place of residence was given as Papendamm 3. This address refers to the boys' and orphans' home Papendamm, where Manfried lived as a 16-year-old. In a report about the years 1925/26 by the orphanage head "father” Ralphael Plaut, the following can be learned about the education in the orphanage: "[...] further careful interest is taken in physical training. All the boys were eagerly engaged in sports. Gymnastics, swimming, youth games, hiking, and generally a lot of exercise in the fresh air have hardened our boys and contributed significantly to the fact that we have been almost entirely spared illnesses in recent years." Every week they attended the state swimming school and Manfried, there called "Manfred", was able to pass the free swimming exam. The kosher orphanage had its own synagogue. It can be assumed that Manfried Menco was accepted there at the age of 13 as an adult member of the Jewish Community, called bar mitzvah (son of the commandment). During the summer vacations, the orphan boys recuperated at the Isaelite orphanage in Segeberg. The director there, Sidonie Werner, was taken with the boys' exemplary behavior. For the Purim festival in 1925, the girls of the Paulinenstift, the nearby Jewish orphanage for girls, were invited to give an artistic performance. The following year, a return invitation was extended.

Visits to the theatres Schauspielhaus, the Kammerspiele, the Operettenhaus and the Musikhalle were part of the cultural program for the older boys. They were also included in the family celebrations of the Plaut family, for example at the engagement and wedding celebrations of daughter Vilma Plaut.

The boys were invited to the Hanukkah celebration by the "Jewish Craftsmen's Association" and the impressive, artistically arranged Hanukkah celebration of the Henry Jones Lodge remained unforgotten by many of the boys. During the Whitsun vacations, they were taken to the City Hall, the Kunsthalle, the Museum für Völkerkunde, the Ballin and Chilehaus, and the Elbtunnel. The boys were also honored by Eduard Berlin, a sponsor of the Orphan Institute, on the occasion of the 25th business anniversary. (see the biography of Fanny Berlin www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de).

On 5 Elul 5687 (15.8.1926) the 160th anniversary of the German-Israeli Orphan Institute was celebrated. A photograph was taken that day in the Orphan Institute's arbor hut with the sophomores; it is likely that Manfried Menco was among the older boys. At the suggestion of the chairman Max Warburg, on the occasion of the 160th anniversary, the "Verein zur Versorgung schulentlassener Zöglinge des H.D.J.W.J." (Hamburg German-Israelite Orphan Institute to support former inhabitants) was founded. Max Warburg laid the foundation with 10,000 RM on the occasion of his 60th birthday. According to the statutes, the purpose of the association was: "[...] to care for the school-leavers during their vocational training. The apprentices are accommodated in good foster homes, which must meet our requirements in every respect.

The apprentices remain under the supervision and guidance of the orphan father throughout their vocational training." Together with Josef Blank, Viktor Cossmann, David Ehrlich, Kurt von Hall, Isaac Hasenfratz, Jakob Minska and Julius Zeisel, "Manfred" Menco began his apprenticeship. He himself came for apprenticeship to the saddler upholstery shop "Satab", a trading company at Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 23-25.

After his apprenticeship, Manfried worked as an agent for shoe repairs. Since the summer of 1930 he had a driver's license and was on the road a lot. On March 5, 1931, he was sentenced by the Itzehoe District Court for driving an unlicensed motor vehicle in traffic to a RM 30 fine, with the option of six days in jail.

Manfried's grandmother Friederike Weinberg died at the age of 85 in her home on January 31, 1933, one day after the National Socialists took power.

In the same year, Manfried Menco married Erna Paula Görski (born 31.7.1911), a Hamburg woman one year younger, on September 1, 1933. His 54-year-old uncle Lippmann Weinberg and the 40-year-old plumber Ernst Mußmann served as witnesses to the marriage. It can be assumed that Manfried Menco had met his bride at work, since Erna Görski was employed by Bottina Schuhgeschäft m.b.H, for whom he arranged shoe repairs. Erna Paula Görski had previously converted to Judaism; on July 9, 1935, she had been accepted into the liberal Temple Association.

On September 19, 1936, the clerk Bremer of the post-release counter from Hamburg Central Station filed a complaint with Criminal Secretary Kurzrock against Manfried Menco, who was standing in front of his counter. Three days earlier, he had traveled to Berlin with a worker's return ticket for which he had no authorization. On his return trip to Hamburg, this proved to be his undoing. It was of no use to him that he immediately paid the double redemption amount.

Investigations were also conducted against his friend, the orthopedist Herbert Eisenstädt (born 18.5.1906), and against Erna Gursch, both employed at Bottina-Schuhe, Hamburgerstraße 64. They were from Berlin. A trial ensued; on December 3, 1936, all three were summoned to appear before the Hamburg District Court. Manfried Menco and his friend Herbert Eisenstädt were each sentenced to 100 RM and three weeks in prison on probation for joint fraud. Judge Bülter's reasoning was: "As non-Aryans who merely enjoy the right of hospitality in Germany, the defendants [...] should have exercised particular restraint." The co-defendant non-Jewish Erna Gursch was granted mitigating circumstances, since she had not been the driving force.

In the following period, the persecution measures of the National Socialist rulers hit Manfried Menco particularly hard. At the beginning of March 1937, at the instigation of the shoemakers' guild, he was dismissed from the Bottina shoe company as a repair agent. Unemployed, he received 7 RM a week from the welfare system. He was no longer able to make his monthly installment payment of RM 10.00 for serving his sentence.

Manfried Menco's first marriage did not last long; it was divorced on April 5, 1937 before the Civil Chamber of the Hamburg Regional Court. Erna Görski subsequently resigned from the German-Israelite Community by declaration on October 28, 1937.

Shortly after the divorce decree, Manfried Menco entered into a second marriage on May 28, 1937; his wife was Lisa Mathias, who was eight years younger. The young couple initially lived with Lisa's parents at Grindelberg 3a, 2nd floor. Her mother Minna, née Rosenthal (born 31.10.1895), came from Osterholz-Scharnbek, her father Willy Mathias (born 12.7.1886) from Perleberg. He was the son of Louise and the merchant Louis Mathias. Since 1912, Lisa's father is listed in the Cuxhaven address book as a bank official. Lisa was the first daughter born in Cuxhaven on October 13, 1918. At that time, the family had lived there at Deichstraße 19. When her sister Vera was born five years later on December 15, 1923, the family had settled in Hamburg and in 1926 had lived at Rentzelstraße 12, house 20. The father had worked as a motor vehicle driver, and later as a salesman. Lisa and her sister Vera had attended Dr. Jakob Löwenberg's secondary school at Johnsallee 33.

However, the possibility of a subsequent good professional education had been denied them by the National Socialist anti-Jewish laws. Lisa had not been able to train as an apprentice since 1936; she worked as a domestic servant. In the cultural tax file of the German-Israelite community, Lisa is registered with Heidemann at Isestraße 69. According to this, she worked there for the general practitioner and pediatrician Dr. Charlotte Heidemann.

Lisa and Manfried Menco were supported at their wedding with a bridal legacy from the Jewish Religious Association worth RM 300.

Manfried Menco intended to emigrate to Argentina together with a Berlin family and prepared himself for this. After a three-month training course of the Jewish Colonization Society in Berlin, the crossing was to take place with their support in September 1937. From the Neuendorf training center near Fürstenwalde, he asked for a postponement of the installment payment of his sentence. Lisa, his wife, drew up a written request for him to reduce the outstanding balance of RM 15 to RM 7.70 - because of prolonged unemployment and arrears that Manfried Menco still had to pay.

Lisa and Manfried Menco's first child, their son Rolf Jacob (born 20.7.1938 in Hamburg), was born at the Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Eckernförder Straße. He was given his middle name after his grandfather, Manfried's father, who died all too soon. Lisa and Manfried Menco continued to live with Lisa's parents at Grindelberg 3a.

On December 18, 1938, Manfried wrote to the Foreign Exchange Office and registered his removal goods with lists of used items and tools of trade. He enclosed a clearance certificate and a letter from Jewish Welfare: "I am going to Argentina as a settler and kindly ask you to allow me to take the listed things with me."
This departure did not materialize. Manfried Menco was supported by the Jewish Community in the following time and got a work and living opportunity at the Jewish Cemetery Ihlandstraße (today Ilandkoppel), after the longtime cemetery caretaker Max Reich, who had worked there from August 1926 to May 1941, had emigrated to the USA with his wife Erna, née Levy, and daughter Hilde. Manfried Menco and his family shared the small apartment in the cemetery chapel annex with Siegmund Falkenthal (see their biography www.stopersteine-hamburg.de).

Lisa Menco's parents Minna and Willy Mathias, along with Lisa's 17-year-old sister Vera Mathias, were deported to Minsk on November 8, 1941 and murdered. Lisa's mother was 46 years old and her father 55.

A short time later, on the first day of 1942, Lisa gave birth to her second child, daughter Reha, in the Israelite Hospital, which was now located at 68 Johnsalle. The hospital had been forcibly relocated by the National Socialists to Johnsalle 68, the former "Calmann Women's Clinic," beginning in September 1939. At that time, the Menco family lived in the administrative part of the cemetery building at the Jewish Cemetery, Ihlandstraße 68 (today Ilandkoppel).

In an eyewitness account, Heinz Biehl recalls the time around 1942 when he was seven years old and lived with his parents on Fuhlsbütteler Straße - and a young woman with a "Jewish star" who lived in the Jewish cemetery, with an infant in her arms, and encounters with her at the milkman's shop. He experienced that as a Jew she had to be served last in the store, that the young woman had to step back when an "Aryan" entered the store. So it could be that when her turn came, there was no milk left. He experienced the "line loyalists" who insisted on this right of preference, but he also experienced customers delaying their entry into the store or looking away bashfully. It was apparently uncomfortable for them to witness the distress with the infant. Heinz Biehl also noticed that the milkmaid gave the young Jewish mother a little more than allowed when no one saw it. In 1942, Jews were given only skim milk. At the Kreis-Dienst branch office in the basement of the Ohlsdorf cemetery administration building, there was a "special table" where Jews had to pick up their ration cards, marked with a Star of David. One day, Heinz Biehl and his playmates ran into the mourning hall of the Jewish cemetery and discovered a dead couple lying on the ground, their hands clasped together. Presumably, under the pressure of their impending deportation, they had taken their own lives in this place.

Albert Hirsch (born 24.9.1878 in Mogilno) from Elmshorn, had also taken his own life there on 1 December 1941 out of despair. Manfried Menco found him hanged in the toilet room of the Jewish cemetery building. Deprived of his livelihood, his factory for kosher canned vegetables and fruit, which had been under the supervision of Chief Rabbi Dr. Joseph Carlebach, had been "Aryanized" in 1938, his wife Gertrud, née Schmerl, had died on September 16, 1938, his stepson Horst had emigrated to Peru and his son Heinz-Walter to the USA. Albert Hirsch had seen no hope after receiving his deportation order for December 6, 1941 to Riga.

Manfried's uncle Lippmann Weinberg (born 18.9.1879 in Hamburg), his mother's brother, described by a neighbor as a "big heavy man", was a commercial agent for shoe goods. His wife Lisa, née Nussbaum, had already died in 1936. Lippmann Weinberg was arrested on June 14, 1938, and imprisoned in the Fuhlsbüttel prison. With his profession as a salesman, he had fallen under the arrest action of "previously convicted asocials, travelers." On June 23, 1938, he was taken from there to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he was imprisoned until November 30, 1938. His son Norbert Weinberg (born 23.7.1922 in Hamburg), Manfried's cousin, was able to escape persecution by ship to the USA on August 10, 1938, with a heavy heart, without seeing his father again after an unsuccessful request in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. On July 15, 1942, Manfried's uncle Lippmann Weinberg was deported to Theresienstadt. Five months later, on December 16, 1942, he died there. A Stolperstein commemorates him at Bismarckstraße 58 (for biography see www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de).

Manfried Menco's Dutch relatives were not spared either. His uncle Henri Menco, one of his father's six siblings, had returned to Arnhem a few years after his mother's death. He was deported to Auschwitz on October 8, 1942, and murdered.

Manfried's aunt Julia Schaap, née Menco (born 3.10.1884 in Arnhem), her husband Elias Schaap (born 16.9.1884 in Hilversum) and their daughter, Manfried's cousin Kaatje Schaap (born 6.12.1909 in Arnhem) were also deported to Auschwitz on 15 October 1942 and murdered.

On March 10, 1943, Manfried and Lisa Menco and their small children Rolf and Reha were deported to Theresienstadt together with 46 other people, mostly employees of the Jewish community. Manfried Menco's aunt, Bertha Weinberg, was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto after them on June 23, 1943. She perished there on April 8, 1944, shortly before her 62nd birthday. A Stolperstein at Kleiner Schäferkamp 32 is there to commemorate her.

After a year and a half in Theresienstadt, Manfried, Lisa, Rolf and Reha Menco were deported to Auschwitz on October 6, 1944 in one of the last deportation trains and murdered. Manfried Menco was 34 years old, Lisa Menco, née Mathias, was 25 years old, their son Rolf was six years old and their daughter Reha was one year, ten months and five days old.

A postcard from Manfried Menco, written by his own hand, which he had written in Magdeburg on his deportation train to Theresienstadt to "Dr. Plaut, Hamburg, Beneckestr. 2", which was smuggled out and mailed in Leipzig, is today a testimony to this monstrous crime against humanity:
"Magdeburg 11.3.43 Dear Dr. Plaut! We left yesterday evening at 12 o'clock and spent a very cold night. I recommend that you take blankets and pillows with you in your hand luggage; other hand luggage is absolutely superfluous because it is a great hindrance. The work to be done was very hard but thankful and have all behaved quietly and neatly. Also the cleanliness left nothing to be desired. The catering went smoothly. I thank you again for everything you have done to me and my family quite sincerely. I also ask Blumenthal and brother to convey my sincere thanks for their faithful help with transportation. Please give my warmest regards to your wife mother and all colleagues It greets Manfried Menco."

Translation Beate Meyer

Stand: March 2023
© Margot Löhr

Quellen: 1; 4; 5; 7; 8; StaH, 314-15 Oberfinanzpräsident, Str. 244 Neumann Simon Weinberg; StaH, 331-5 Polizeibehörde – Unnatürliche Sterbefälle, 3 Akten 1942/241 Albert Hirsch; StaH, 332-3, Zivilstandsaufsicht, Heiratsregister, B 52 Nr. 550/1873 Nathan Weinberg u. Friederike Jacobsen, B 60 Nr. 603/1874 Simon Weinberg u. Therese Arnheim; StaH, 332-5 Standesämter, Geburtsregister, 1888 u. 5075/1876 Neumann Weinberg, 1910 u. Nr. 3983/1877 Neumann Weinberg, 1958 u. 4358/1879 Lippmann Weinberg, 1999 u. 86/1881 Sophie Weinberg; StaH, 332-5 Standesämter, Heiratsregister, 8665 u. 349/1909 Jacob Menco u. Sophie Weinberg, 14109 u. 847/1933 Manfried Menco u. Erna Görski, 14870 u. 176/1937 Manfried Menco u. Lisa Mathias; StaH, 332-5 Standesämter, Sterberegister, 7999 u. 477/1909 Nathan Weinberg, 8015 u. 191/1913 Helena Nanni Menco, 856 u. 554/1922 Sophie Menco, 856 u. 605/1922 Leni Weinberg, 8120 u. 57/1933 Friederike Weinberg, 8144 u. 157/1937; Henriette Jacobsohn, 8168 u. 226/1940 Raphael Plaut, 9926 u. 691/1941 Albert Hirsch; StaH, 332-7 Staatsangehörigkeitsaufsicht, AIf, Bd. 178, Nr. 221 D Nathan Weinberg, B VI 146 Sophie Weinberg; StaH, 332-8 Meldewesen, A 24 Bd. 339 Nr. 12723/1926 Manfried Menco; StaH, 351-11 Amt für Wiedergutmachung, 45402 Norbert Weinberg; StaH, 351-14 Jüdische Fürsorgeempfänger, 1522 Willy Mathias; StaH, 352-5 Gesundheitsbehörde, Todesbescheinigungen, 1913 Sta 3 Nr. 191 Helena Nanni Menco, 1922 Sta 2a Nr. 554 Sophie Menco, 1922 Sta 2a Nr. 605 Leni Weinberg, 1933, Sta 20, Nr. 57 Friederike Weinberg, 1940 2a Nr. 226 Raphael Plaut, 1941 Sta 1b Nr. 691 Albert Hirsch; StaH, 376-2 Gewerbepolizei, Spz VIII C 1 Nr. 58 Nathan Weinberg, SpzVIII C 75 Nr. 5657/1908 Jacob Menco; StaH, 522-1 Jüdische Gemeinden, Geburtsregister, 696 c Nr. 57/1837 Nathan Weinberg; StaH, 622-1 Familienarchive, 173, B 11/4 Ralph Plaut, Familie Plaut 1887–1973 D 38; StaH, 741-4 Fotoarchiv, K 3856, K 7144, LS 15832, Sa 1246; Standesamt Hamburg 2a, Geburtsregister, 263/1938 Rolf Menco, 4/1942 Reha Menco; Adressbuch Cuxhaven 1912–1919; Adressbuch Hamburg 1873–1943; Auskünfte Martin Kriwet ITS Archives, in conformitywiththe ITS Archives, Bad Arolsen, Copy of Doc. No. Copy of Doc. No. 4958969#1 (1.1.42.1/0027/0039), 4959193#1 (1.1.42.1/0028/0109) Transportlisten des Ghettos Theresienstadt, Copy of Doc. No. 504993#1 (1.1.2.1/0001-0123/0056/0112) Zu- und Abgänge nach Konzentrationslager Auschwitz/Kdo. Golleschau, Copy of Doc. No. 560403#1 (1.1.2.1/0324-0522/0326/0011) Laboruntersuchungen des SS-Hygiene-Instituts Auschwitz, in conformity with the ITS Archives, Bad Arolsen; Auskünfte Mag. Alexander Legniti, Stadt Innsbruck, Sterberegister Menco; Aus alter und neuer Zeit, Illustrierte Beilage zum Israelitischen Familienblatt Hamburg, Nr. 61, 28.10.1926, S. 486, M. Leßmann, Hamburg, 1924–1935; Susanne Lohmeyer: Stolpersteine in Hamburg-Eimsbüttel und Hamburg-Hoheluft-West, 2 Bde., Hamburg 2013, Bd. 2, S. 520-522 (Lippmann Weinberg); Wilhelm Mosel: Wegweiser zu ehemaligen jüdischen Stätten in den Stadtteilen Eimsbüttel, Rotherbaum, Hamburg 1985, S. 80, Abb. 61 (Foto Waisenhaus Papendamm 3); Helmuth Warnke: Sonntags gönn’ ich mir die Alster. Hamburger Schubladengeschichten, Hamburg 1994; Personendatabase, https://www.geldersarchief.nl/bronnen/personen?mivast=37&mizig=128&miadt=37&milang=nl&misort=pla%7Cdesc&miview=tbl&mizk_alle=Menco, eingesehen am: 8.4.2022; Gespräche im Jahr 2005 mit dem Zeitzeugen Heinz Biehl (verst. 2010).
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