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Bernhard Heinemann * 1867

Treudelberg 75 (Wandsbek, Lemsahl-Mellingstedt)

HIER WOHNTE
BERNHARD
HEINEMANN
JG. 1867
DEPORTIERT 1942
THERESIENSTADT
ERMORDET 20.3.1943

further stumbling stones in Treudelberg 75:
Elise Heinemann

Bernhard Heinemann, born on 16.8.1867, deported to Theresienstadt on 19.7.1942, died there on 20.3.1943
Elise Heinemann, née Lippmann, born on 13.2.1875, deported to Theresienstadt on 19.7.1942, deported to Auschwitz on 15.5.1944.

Treudelberg 75 (formerly: Ulmenweg)

Elise Lippmann and her twin sister Caroline were born as the third and fourth child of the married couple Simon and Emma Lippmann (née Beer). In total, the Lippmann couple had eight children: Gustav (born Aug. 12, 1868), Max (born Aug. 17, 1873), Caroline and Elise (born Feb. 13, 1875), Siegmund (born Sept. 4, 1877), Bella (born Dec. 17, 1878), Henny (born May 15, 1880) and John (born Sept. 29, 1887). The extended family lived in the street Beim Schlump 5. Simon Lippmann was a butcher and owner of his own store in Bornstraße 8.

It is not clear whether Elise Lippmann learned a trade. She probably supported her parents in the household until she married the furniture dealer Bernhard Heinemann at the age of 18, on March 13, 1893.

Bernhard Heinemann was born on August 16, 1867, the second son of the married couple Moses and Fiele (called Fanny) Heinemann (née Katzenstein) in the small Hessian town of Hebenshausen. Like his father, Bernhard was a skilled upholsterer; in addition to practicing this profession, he opened his own furniture store at Weidenallee 38/40 in 1891, which included a small upholstery store as well as a machine carpentry shop and sales rooms over two floors. Bernhard's older brother Julius (born 5.5.1866) also lived in Hamburg with his wife Betty (née Lindenfeld, born Febr. 6, 1874). It is unclear exactly when the two brothers moved to Hamburg, but it is clear that their parents Moses and Fanny came to Hamburg in 1897.

Bernhard and Elise had three children together: John (born June 8, 1894), Johanna (born Sept. 29, 1895) and Julius (born May 17, 1897), who died at the age of twenty in the First World War on August 8, 1917 by a mine hit in the position near Pelves (France). His gravestone can be found on the Ilandkoppel, in the Jewish cemetery of Ohlsdorf. He was not married and had no children.

Ten years after the death of Julius, the Heinemanns' daughter, Johanna, also died on July 5, 1927. The cause of death can no longer be traced. She was married to the merchant Sigfried Lievendag, with whom she had no children. After Johanna's death, Siegfried married his second wife Ester Lievendag (née Lievendag), with whom he escaped to the Netherlands in 1938.

The eldest son of the Heinemann couple, John, was taken prisoner of war in Russia during World War I, from which he returned in May 1920. Before the war, he had completed an apprenticeship with the company Hasche & Woogig, a pharmaceutical wholesaler. There he worked as a commercial assistant until he enlisted as a war volunteer on August 7, 1914. After his return from captivity, he joined his father's company, which from then on belonged equally to father and son. Their company can also be found in the list of members of the Verein selbstständiger jüdischer Handwerker und Gewerbetreibender zu Groß-Hamburg e.V.. The address Weidenallee 38/40 is even mentioned as the office of the association, since Bernhard Heinemann held the position of chairman of the admission committee.

This association had been founded in 1906 by craftsmen and tradesmen of the Jewish community and in 1935 it had 420 members, all of whom actively opposed the discrimination of Jewish tradesmen under the Nazi regime. Since Jewish businesses were boycotted by the National Socialists as early as the 1930s, the association tried to arrange work contracts within the Jewish community. At the end of 1938 it was dissolved by the Gestapo.

According to later testimony by the former clerk of the Heinemanns' furniture store, Luise Kribbe, business was still very good in the 1930s. According to her, both John and Bernhard Heinemann led a "dignified" lifestyle. In fact, the family was very wealthy. Their exclusively furnished house in Lemsahl, into which the Heinemann couple moved in 1934, provided for a domestic servant and they even employed a private chauffeur. Son John owned his own yacht and also a Mercedes. He also set up a spacious apartment at Weidenallee 38/40, where he lived with his wife Erika (née Wallach, born May 11, 1900 in Copenhagen) and their joint daughters Hermine (born May 22, 1922) and Hanna-Ingeborg (born March 7, 1933).

After Bernhard Heinemann retired on Jan. 1, 1934, and moved into the house in Lemsahl with Elise, John was solely responsible for the company. In 1936, he therefore passed his craftsman's examination as an upholsterer in order to also take care of this area of the business.

But in view of the persecution measures, John tried to emigrate. On July 28, 1938, his wife Erika died. The cause of death can no longer be traced, and it is also unclear whether her death had anything to do with John's decision to emigrate. In any case, five days later he submitted the emigration application. On September 30, 1938, the Heinemanns' furniture business was liquidated (like all Jewish businesses that were not "Aryanized"). John and his daughters fled to Montevideo (Uruguay) on October 11, 1938.

His parents remained in Hamburg. A short time later, on November 3, 1938, a "security order" was issued against Bernhard Heinemann, justified - as always with Jews - by the suspicion of capital flight. In the spring of 1939, the Heinemann couple, like all other Jews in Hamburg, had to hand over all their jewelry and silver.

On July 19, 1942, Bernhard and Elise Heinemann were deported to Theresienstadt, the ghetto where mainly elderly people, veterans of the First World War and prominent people were sent. Heinemanns paid them over RM 32,000 in advance for a so-called Heimeinkauf. Through these Heimeinkauf contracts, the Nazi regime plundered those affected, guaranteeing them food, shelter and medical care for life in return.

Bernhard Heinemann died in the Theresienstadt ghetto as early as March 20, 1943.

Elise Heinemann was deported to Auschwitz on May 15, 1944, where her trace is lost. An exact date of her death cannot be determined, but in view of her age it is probable that she was killed immediately after her arrival at the Auschwitz death camp.

John Heinemann, who went from Uruguay to Stockholm in 1947 and married his second wife Else (née Lebenberg, born Nov. 5, 1904) there the same year, returned to Hamburg in 1950 and applied for restituion. This legal dispute dragged on until his death on November 23, 1967, and was continued by his daughter Hanna, who was only able to complete it because she ultimately agreed to only a fraction of the sum demanded.

Together with Elise and Bernhard Heinemann, Bernhard's brother Julius and his wife Betty Heinemann had been deported to Theresienstadt. Elise's brother Max and his wife Tony (née Cohn, born 22.11.1873) were also on this deportation train. Elise's twin sister Caroline was deported to Riga together with her brother Gustav on December 6, 1941. Elise's younger brother Siegmund died together with his second wife Sara (née Rosenblatt), all his children and grandchildren in the Minsk ghetto.

Of the Lippmann siblings, only Henny survived, as she was not deported to Theresienstadt until 1945, shortly before the end of the war, due to her "mixed marriage" to the fishmonger Karl Küchenmeister. Although she only had to spend a little over four months in the ghetto, she suffered severe health consequences due to the inhumane conditions, from which she suffered until her death in 1952, so that she was unable to work.

All other deported family members of the Heinemann and Lippmann families never returned - both families were almost completely wiped out in the Holocaust.

Translation by Beate Meyer
Stand: January 2022
© Laura Tippelt

Quellen: StaH, 522-1 Jüdische Gemeinden, 992b, Kultussteuerkartei der Deutsch-Israelitischen Gemeinde Hamburg, Kultussteuerkarte Bernhard Heinemann, John Heinemann, Simon Lippmann, Moses Heinemann, Julius Heinemann, Siegfried Lievendag; StaH, 311-3 Finanzbehörde, Abl. 1959 413-1/3; StaH, 314-15 Oberfinanzpräsident, R 1938/1539 (Bernhard Heinemann), R 1940/580, R1940/783 (beide Julius Heinemann); StaH, 331-3 Staatsangehörigkeitsaufsicht, Abl. XXXVIII SA1267; StaH, 332-5 Personenstandsurkunden, 9111/1810/1895 (Geburtsurkunde Johanna Heinemann), 5367/920/1927 (Sterbeurkunde Johanna Heinemann), 6958/952/1917 (Sterbeurkunde Moses Heinemann), 704/323/1914 (Sterbeurkunde Fiele (Fanny) Heinemann), 8042/653/1917 (Sterbeurkunde Julius Heinemann); StaH, 351-11 Amt für Wiedergutmachung, 4925 (Henny Lippmann), 15948 (John Heinemann), 15949 (Bernhard Heinemann), 15950 (John u. Else Maria Heinemann); StaH, 552-1 Jüdische Gemeinde-Mitgliedschaft, 1928/388 c 1, Deportationsliste Nr. 992 e 2 Band 5 (Deportation Theresienstadt 19.7.1942), 325 Verzeichnis der jüdischen Organisationen; StaH, 741-4 Fotoarchiv, Sa 1056, Sa 1208; Internetquellen: www.alemania-judaica.de (Zugriff am 15.9.2014); http://agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de (1895–1940, Zugriffe 15.–18.9.2014); email von Hans-Jürgen von Appen vom 28.10.2014 (Heimatbund Lemsahl-Mellingstedt)