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Felix Matthies * 1882

Mittelweg 58 (Eimsbüttel, Harvestehude)

1943 Theresienstadt
??? weiterdeportiert nach Auschwitz

Felix Matthies, born on 26 Aug. 1882 in Hamburg, deported on 24 Feb. 1943 to Theresienstadt, deported further on 28 Oct. 1944 to Auschwitz
(Matthies family and the measures directed against them by the Hamburg Foreign Currency Office from 1938 until 1940)

The Hamburg merchant Ari George Matthies (1854–1924) and his wife Elisabeth "Elise,” née Rubens (1861–1933), a native of Munich, married in 1880 in Hamburg’s Prussian neighboring city of Wandsbek and subsequently moved to Hamburg-Neustadt, where they first resided at Hohe Bleichen 24 (in 1881) and then at Gänsemarkt 31 (1882–1889). This is also where the first four children were born: Melanie Henriette (on 6 Sept. 1881), Felix Robert (on 26 Aug. 1882), Oscar Alfred (on 27 Oct. 1883), and Adele Elisabeth (on 20 Oct. 1886). After the relocation in 1889 to Fruchtallee 9 (Eimsbüttel), another daughter, Gertrud Clara, was born (on 3 Dec. 1890). One can assume a good school education for all five children. We know about Gertrud (born in 1890) that she attended the private secondary girls’ school run by Elisabeth Goethe /Textorschule at Hansastrasse 3 (Harvestehude). Starting in 1923, she worked as an accountant at the D. Müller & Co. seeds wholesale business (at Katharinenstrasse 46–48), whose owner was her brother-in-law. The reason for her pursuing this line of work probably were the great losses her father had incurred with his company during the inflation. Both parents were Jewish but they were not listed in the Jewish religious tax (Kultussteuer) card file of the Hamburg German-Israelitic Community that had been started in 1913. The two sons Felix and Oscar do not appear in the Jewish religious tax card file of the Jewish Community either; Gertrud Matthies was a Community member there from 1924 until 1927.

In 1882, George Matthies obtained Hamburg civic rights and in 1899, he joined Caspar Raoul Warnholtz to found the Warnholtz & Matthies banking house (drafts and funds), with company premises at Plan 5 (1899–1901) and Alter Wall 56–58 (1902–1923). According to testimony by daughter Gertrud Matthies to the Restitution Office (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), the father lost his fortune during the inflation in 1923. The following year, he passed away at the age of 70. A short time afterward, his widow moved from Brahmsallee 15 (the old name was Eichenallee 43, in Harvestehude), where the family had lived since 1893, to Hochallee 125 (in Harvestehude). Elise Matthies passed away in her apartment on 19 Dec. 1933.

On 12 July 1910, Felix Matthies married Hertha Ackermann, also a native of Hamburg, the daughter of a plumber from Hamburg-St. Georg. In the marriage certificate issued by the records office, the groom’s occupation was noted as an "authorized signatory” and his religion as "Lutheran;” the bride was also a member of the Lutheran Church. Starting in 1911, Felix Matthies was registered with the authorities as a merchant at Hochallee 118 (Harvestehude), working as an authorized signatory with D. Müller & Co. in Hamburg’s historic downtown. From 1914 until 1932, the family, by then numbering five, resided at Maria-Louisen-Strasse 112 (Winterhude). The marriage of the Matthies couple produced three children, in 1911, 1913, and 1915; the marriage was divorced in June 1932.

Felix Matthies then moved to Mittelweg 58 (Harvestehude), while his wife and the three children had moved to Andreasstrasse 19 (Winterhude) in Mar. 1932, four years later to Schwanenwik 28 (Uhlenhorst) on the Outer Alster, in Dec. 1938 to Höltystrasse 12 (Uhlenhorst), and in June 1940 to Sierichstrasse 8 (Winterhude). Since 1933, Felix Matthies was an authorized signatory of the newly founded Albert Geo Simon import and export company (Katharinenstrasse 47/48, Montanhof) and, after its reorganization into a limited partnership in 1935, also a partner (limited partner with 25,000 RM [reichsmark]). In addition to the personally liable company owner and English citizen since 1914, Albert Geo Simon (Heilwigstrasse 125), the Danish citizen Werner Moritzen (Leinpfad 20) also had a stake in the company as a silent partner, as did Dr. jur. Julius Fliess (Heilwigstrasse 21) as a limited partner (and authorized signatory). From both the professional details and the residential addresses, one can infer secure financial circumstances for Felix Matthies. Preserved shopping receipts from the men’s fashion store Ladage & Oelke (Neuer Wall 11), the Hetzel & Co. men’s tailor (Alsterdamm 38 = Ballindamm), as well as the shirt maker Peter Wilkens (Alsterarkaden 11a) point to refined men’s outfitters and a corresponding wardrobe.

In 1919, brother Oscar Matthies was granted power of attorney for the Warnholtz & Matthies banking business (which was not deleted from the company register until 1 Jan. 1938) and in addition, he joined the Hamburg merchant Konrad Hans Büttner in founding the Matthies & Büttner OHG (a general partnership dealing in paints and lacquers) in Oct. 1919, whose warehouse was located at Katharinenstrasse 46/48 (Hamburg-Altstadt), near the duty-free port, where his brother-in-law also had his company, D. Müller & Co. The Matthies & Büttner enterprise was already sold in Nov. 1921 due to economic problems. The home addresses of Oscar Matthies were located in good residential areas: Eppendorfer Stieg 2/ Winterhude (1913–1919), Klärchenstrasse 16/Winterhude (1920–1927), and Kellinghusenstrasse 8/Eppendorf (1931–1936).

In 1901, sister Melanie Matthies had married the Danish citizen Alfred Moritzen (born in 1869) in Hamburg, the son of a fur trader from Odense and a member of the Jewish faith. Since 1889, Alfred Moritzen lived in Hamburg-Winterhude (at Leinpfad 20). Sometime before 1910, he became co-owner of D. Müller & Co. (founded in 1882) in addition to the company founder, Diederich Müller; in 1910, Felix Matthies was the authorized signatory.

From 1933 onward, the rulers in Nazi Germany issued occupational bans against Jews in the civil service and in partly state-owned companies, subsequently in many other occupational sectors as well; moreover, Jews were forced to give up their businesses by means of administrative impediments. D. Müller & Co., import and export as well as wholesale trade of field and garden seeds, was excluded by the Reich Office for Grains (Reichsstelle für Getreide) from the allocation of grain import quotas, as a result of which the plant utilization dropped by 75 percent, which required a reduction of staff. The Danish citizenship of the co-owner made "Aryanization” of the renowned enterprise more difficult for the Nazi state.

In connection with negotiations between a German and a Danish government committee in Oct. 1938 (the basis was the German-Danish Clearing Agreement [Deutsch-Dänisches Verrechnungsabkommen]), the talks also revolved around the asset and machinery transfer of D. Müller & Co. In Oct. 1938, a company and foreign currency audit was conducted and one month later, the Hamburg senior civil servant (Regierungsrat) Fritz Klesper issued a "security order” ("Sicherungsanordnung”) blocking free disposal of the entire assets held by company owner Alfred Moritzen. Regierungsrat Klesper, employed at the foreign currency office since Feb. 1934, also imposed a "security order” on Felix Matthies’ entire assets on 3 Dec. 1938.

Without consent by the Nazi state the account holder was no longer allowed to dispose freely of his checking account, savings account, and securities account with the Hamburger Sparcasse von 1827; initially, he was granted 900 RM a month in withdrawals but this sum was reduced to 500 RM a while later. On 21 Mar. 1939, he was summoned to the foreign currency office to have a "discussion,” in the course of which Regierungsrat Klesper gathered information as to how the company partnership was supposed to continue after a departure of Felix Matthies. In order to support the German export sector, from 1935 onward the Nazi state had refunded compensatory sums for the devaluation of the reichsmark to the companies affected. Only in case of emigration and sale of a business, these sums for offsetting losses (with respect to the Albert Geo Simon Company, more than 164,000 RM) were forfeited without replacement. So at this point, on 24 March, while Felix Matthies prepared and immediately submitted the "questionnaire for emigrants” in triplicate in addition to lists with the moving goods, the foreign currency office (Department F 10) passed on a note to another department in the administrative machinery "with the request to extend the blocking of the passport again of the Jews 1. Felix Matthies (…) 2. Dr. Julius Fliess. Both persons are limited partners of the Albert Geo Simon Company in Hamburg 8 (…) They are making efforts toward their emigration (…). Therefore, there is suspicion that in case of emigration, the persons named above will dispose of outstanding foreign debts of the Albert Geo Simon Company abroad.”

The Nazi state set its sight on the company’s accounts receivable in South America as well as on the stakes of the three merchants classified as Jews, Felix Matthies, Julius Fliess, and Werner Moritzen. Felix Matthies’ emigration to Venezuela (South America), planned for mid-April 1939, did not come about due to the obstructive measures of the state. On 15 May 1939, with a view to the emigration, Felix Matthies had already cancelled at a loss his life insurance policy with the Iduna Germania Lebensversicherung AG (Berlin), taken out in 1930. Furthermore, from Warburg & Co., Amsterdam (Keizersgracht 608), the demanded declaration of guarantee dated 24 July 1939 to the benefit of Felix Matthies and Julius Fliess was already on file and for the moving goods, they had paid a duty of 830 RM to the Gold Discount Bank ("Dego-Abgabe”) on 25 Aug. 1939. However, the Hamburg tax authority made things difficult. The government assistant at the foreign currency office (F 10), Cai Rumohr, wrote to the main branch of the Reichsbank in Hamburg on 25 Sept. 1939:

"I intend to issue the tax clearance certificate [Unbedenklichkeitsbescheinigung] for the passport to the limited partner Matthies only at a time when the foreign receivables listed in points 7 and 8 of this report will have been settled in their entirety as far as they are deemed possible to raise.” That the background to these delaying tactics also involved very coolly calculated financial aspects becomes clear from a note by the government assistant Rumohr dated 20 Oct. 1939: "(…) that with a view to the current prevailing circumstances, Aryanization is to be dropped for the time being. If the war were to last for an extended period, one could reckon with a collapse of the company and therefore, it was not worth burdening the purchaser (Burose) with unnecessary costs. (…)” The person in question was Walter Burose, for whom the "Aryanization purchase” of the company in Feb. 1942 was very lucrative, contrary to the prognosis of the tax official. Walter Burose (born in 1907) had his own company in South America since 1928, returning to Germany only in 1939. In a questionnaire from Dec. 1945, he had to disclose his income from 1933 until 1945; from 1941 to 1942, his annual revenues had doubled. Since he did not have to explain this unusual increase, he was able to withhold the "Aryanization.”

Just how much the delayed departure and the concurrent mounting lack of rights was a strain on the nerves emerges from a letter by Felix Matthies dated 24 Oct. 1939. In it, he expresses in biting irony his view on the cancellation of his alimony payment to his divorced wife by the foreign currency office. "May I assume that it is not intended to refer Mrs. Matthies to the Jewish Religious Organization (Jüdischer Religionsverband) to get such payments; for my part, as a member of the Protestant Church, I neither belong to the Jewish Religious Organization, nor, as a father of three non-Jewish children, to the Reich Association of Jews in Germany [Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland].” As late as June 1940, the uncertain company receivables amounting to about 6,500 RM were mentioned in the files of the Chief Finance Administrator (Oberfinanzpräsident), though after that, the offices within the Hamburg administration dealing with the matter seem to have closed the case. The long delay in the departure that had arisen in this way was tantamount to a death sentence for Felix Matthies. The start of World War II, the restrictions on immigration in most countries, and the state-organized plundering of private assets, covered up with pseudo-legal laws, made his emigration more difficult; he no longer succeeded in obtaining a visa and passage to a host country.

The lists with the moving goods from 1939 are among the few sources useful to gain clues as to what Felix Matthies did in his spare time and what he enjoyed doing: They mention glasses, ashtrays, a chessboard with pieces, a Telefunken Concertino Type 39 record player (158 RM) and about 60 records (320 RM), a tea trolley with a teapot, and a stamp collection. In addition, two book boxes containing 155 books, 65 music books, and eight photo albums were also packed; the literary focus in terms of individual authors was Goethe (15 times), Shakespeare (10 times), and Heinrich Heine (7 times), whose works were banned in Germany by then, as well as various French authors (15 times). The list of authors also featured philosophers (Friedrich Nietzsche, Albert Schweitzer, and Bonaventura), artists (the painters Modersohn and Daumier as well as the sculptors Rodin and Cellini), naturalists (Darwin, Uexküll), and statesmen/military figures (Oliver Cromwell, Frederick the Great, Seydlitz, Bismarck, Bülow, and Bethmann), but the bible and The Arabian Nights were also packed. As well, the less well known German poets Max Dauthenday and Rudolf Binding, the Dutch writer Multatuli, Büschmann’s collection of quotes, a dictionary that was probably Spanish, and the 12-volume Meyer Encyclopedia appeared on the list of moving goods. No musical instrument was listed, but the composers (including also two Schönberg music books) suggest that Felix Matthies was a passionate piano player.

His divorced wife, Hertha Matthies, née Ackermann (born on 26 Nov. 1887), and the three adult children succeeded in departing for Venezuela in Dec. 1941. At this time, Felix Matthies still lived at Sierichstrasse 8 in Hamburg-Winterhude. His brother Oscar Matthies, listed for the last time in the 1936 Hamburg directory, emigrated along with his wife Martha, née Ascher (born on 14 Oct. 1891 in Hamburg) to Chile and later to California/USA. Sister Adele Eismann, née Matthies (1886–1969), also survived the Holocaust. The unmarried sister Gertrud Matthies (1890–1965), in the very end residing at Grasweg 38 with Elsa Delbanco (1879–1941), was preparing her departure since the end of 1939. On 28 Nov. 1939, the Hamburg-Nord tax office informed the Hamburg Secret State Police (Gestapo) about the planned emigration with the form entitled "Preparatory measures toward relocating residence abroad” ("Vorbereitende Massnahmen zur Verlegung des Wohnsitzes ins Ausland”). After her "summoning” to the foreign currency office (at Grosser Burstah 31), Fritz Klesper, just then promoted to Chief Civil Servant (Oberregierungsrat) of the tax authority, initiated a "security order” on Gertrud Matthies’ assets on 5 Dec. 1939, granting to the woman, unemployed since Aug. 1938, an allowance of 400 RM a month she was permitted to use up from her assets. The National Socialist German state enriched itself at the expense of Gertrud Matthies by means of the so-called "levy on Jewish assets” ("Judenvermögensabgabe”) amounting to 1,600 RM, a duty of 2,100 RM to the Gold Discount Bank ("Dego-Abgabe”) for the items taken along in the emigration, as well as confiscation of the Telefunken radio set and a silver cutlery set consisting of several pieces. Gertrud Matthies travelled to Denmark in 1940. Starting in May 1939, she received support from her brother-in-law Alfred Moritzen in Nazi Germany and from 1940 onward for two and a half years in Danish exile, since she, by then a stateless person, was not granted a work permit there.

In June 1939, her sister Melanie and her brother-in-law Alfred Moritzen with daughter Ellen had already reached safety in Denmark, as had son Werner Moritzen along with his wife Gerda in 1938. Prior to that, Alfred Moritzen had sold D. Müller & Co. in Oct. 1938 and the single family home at Leinpfad 20 (Winterhude) in Mar. 1939, where he had resided for 50 years. Various "lift vans” (moving containers) and two Daimler Benz passenger cars were shipped by the Berthold Jacoby Company (Hamburg) to Copenhagen. As a Danish citizen, Alfred Moritzen also did not have to pay any duty to the Gold Discount Bank. After his departure, the German authorities blocked his Danish passport for re-entry.

On 9 Mar. 1939, the responsible Hamburg registrar noted on the duplicate of Felix Matthies’ birth certificate: "According to notification by Felix Robert Matthies, residing in Hamburg, the aforementioned has assumed the additional first name of Israel in accordance with Sec. 2 of the Second Decree regarding the Implementation of the Legislation on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names [§ 2 der II. Verordnung zur Durchführung des Gesetzes über die Änderung von Familien- und Vornamen] dated 17 Aug. 1938.” On 24 Feb. 1943, 60-year-old Felix Matthies was deported on Transport "29-VI /3” to the Theresienstadt Ghetto and on 28 Oct. 1944 on Transport "EV 298” further to the Auschwitz extermination camp. The exact date of his murder is not known. He was declared dead as of 8 May 1945.

In Oct. 1943, Gertrud Matthies fled from occupied Denmark to neutral Sweden, returning to Denmark in June 1945. Only in Aug. 1946 did she receive a work permit in Denmark. She became a Danish citizen and stayed in Denmark until the end of her life.

Oberregierungsrat Fritz Klesper (born in 1900) had to appear before a denazification committee in Hamburg in Mar. 1948. Since it was possible to prove his membership in the NSDAP (as of 1 May 1933) but not any persecution nor autonomous Nazi convictions, he remained in his post. After he had been classified in Category IV initially, later there was only mention of him being a "follower” (Category V). In 1949, the appeal committee had "reached the conviction that despite his early joining of the party, the appellant (Klesper) had no inner commitment to the aims of the party.” His lawyer wrote apologetically about the senior civil servant, 32 years old in those days: "Like many of the young civil servants, Mr. Klesper joined the NSDAP in 1933 under pressure by the head of personnel at the time, Oberregierungsrat Dr. Werdermann. In a meeting, Oberregierungsrat Werdermann had called upon all civil servants in higher service to join the NSDAP.” At the foreign currency office, Klesper, in his capacity as the head of the criminal division and concurrently as deputy department head (his superior and division head was Oberregierungsrat Joseph Krebs), also maintained contact to the Gau Economic Advisor (Gauwirtschaftsberater) and the Gestapo. In May 1940, he transferred to the Reich Economics Ministry in Berlin, where he became head of the "Section France.”

Carl Werdermann (born in 1884), a jurist with a doctorate in law and since 1907 a civil servant, was relieved of his office by the British occupational forces on 11 May 1945, after he had filled out a denazification questionnaire two days before. In it, he had indicated his membership in the NSDAP (since 1 May 1933), in the National Socialist Association of German Legal Professionals (NS-Rechtswahrerbund, since 1934), as well as in two other associations transferred into Nazi organizations. In July 1945, he turned in writing to the Hamburg Mayor Rudolf Petersen, arguing for his reinstatement:

"My joining of the party occurred only for formal reasons and did not involve any political activism either before or afterward. Only in carrying out my duty, was I expected and required to belong to the party. (…) Therefore, I feel my pronounced removal from office as an undeserved and entirely unfair hardship, all the more so because I always carried out my duty in a purely professional and objective manner.” Three years and several letters later, he too had achieved classification in the lowest category, V.


Translator: Erwin Fink

Kindly supported by the Hermann Reemtsma Stiftung, Hamburg.

Stand: October 2017
© Björn Eggert

Quellen: Staatsarchiv Hamburg (StaH), 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident), FVg 8847 (Hertha Matthies, geplante Auswanderung); StaH 314-15 (OFP), F 1649 (Felix Robert Matthies, geplante Auswanderung); StaH 314-15 (OFP), R 1939/3093 (Gertrud Clara Matthies); StaH 314-15 (OFP), R 1938/ 3347 (Felix Matthies, Sicherungsanordnung); StaH 314-15 (OFP), R 1940/492 (Ausstellen von Fremdenpässen an staatenlose Juden, darunter 1 Blatt zu Felix Matthies); StaH 314-15 (OFP), F 1775 (Alfred Moritzen, Melanie Moritzen geb. Matthies, Ellen Moritzen, geplante Auswanderung); StaH 314-15 (OFP), F 1776 (Werner Moritzen, Gerda Moritzen geb. Cant, geplante Auswanderung); StaH 332-3 (Zivilstandsaufsicht), C Nr. 32, 3751/1867 (Sterberegister 1867, totgeborene Tochter von Jacob Levin Matthies); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 4059 u. 121/1880 (Heiratsregister 1880 Wandsbek, George Matthies und Elise Rubens); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 2007 u. 4200/1881 (Geburt von Melanie Henriette Matthies); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 2032 u. 4036/1882 (Geburt von Felix Robert Matthies); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 2060 u. 5096/1883 (Geburt von Oscar Alfred Matthies); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 2133 u. 5116/1886 (Geburt von Adele Elisabeth Matthies); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 258 u. 1472/1889 (Tod von Jacob Levin Matthies); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 9062 u. 2680/1890 (Geburt von Gertrud Clara Matthies); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8619 u. 319/1901 (Heirat von Alfred Moritzen und Melanie Matthies); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 9681 u. 2356/1908 (Tod von Sara Matthies geb. Lublin); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 3148 u. 515/1910 (Heirat von Felix Matthies u. Hertha Ackermann); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8742 u. 614/1920 (Heirat von Adele Matthies u. Curt Eismann); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8078 u. 567/1924 (Tod von Ari George Matthies); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8118 u. 493/1933 (Tod von Elise Matthies); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 9888 u. 580/1937 (Tod von Caspar Raoul Warnholtz); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 2146 u. 4278/1887 (Geburt von Hertha Ackermann); StaH 332-7 (Staatsangehörigkeitsaufsicht), AI e 40 Band 7 (Bürger-Register, 13.4.1849, Nr. 400, Jac. Levin Matthies, geb. 4.8.1815 Hamburg, Kaufmann); StaH 332-7 (Staatsangehörigkeitsaufsicht), Bürger-Register 1876-1896, L-Z (Ari George Matthies, Nr. 10359); StaH 332-8 (Alte Einwohnermeldekartei, 1892-1925), Mikrofilm K 6573 (Ari George Matthies); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 6135 (Felix Matthies Erben); StaH 351-11 (AfW), 12099 (Gertrud Matthies); StaH 351-11 (AfW), 8975 (Adele Eismann geb. Matthies); StaH 522-1 (Jüdische Gemeinden), 992b (Kultussteuerkartei der Deutsch-Israelitischen Gemeinde Hamburg), Gertrud Matthies (einzige Karteikarte zu diesem Familiennamen); StaH 221-11 (Staatskommissar für die Entnazifizierung), Ad 858 (Fritz Klesper); StaH 221-11, Ad 10100 (Dr. Carl Werdermann); StaH 221-11, C 5213 (Walter Burose); StaH 221-11, X 3437 (Wilhelm Tödt); Schreiben von Adele Eismann geb. Matthies an ihren Neffen Roland Matthies, 14.8.1946 (Privatbesitz); Schreiben von Adele Eismann geb. Matthies an die Arbeitsbehörde Hamburg, 24.8.1948 (Privatbesitz); Grabnachweiskarte Grablage C 233 für Rubens geb. Böhme, undatiert (Privatbesitz); Grabnachweiskarte Grablage C 230 für Alice Matthies, undatiert (Privatbesitz); Poesiealbum von Adele Matthies, 1902–1909 (Privatbesitz); Kennkarte von Adele Eismann geb. Matthies, 1939 (Privatbesitz); Taufzeugnis von Adele Matthies, St. Katharinen, 24.4.1920 (Privatbesitz); Handelskammer Hamburg, Handelsregisterinformationen (Warnholtz & Matthies, HR-Nr. A 14462; Matthies & Büttner, HR-Nr. 19644 u. 26751; Albert Geo Simon, HR-Nr. A 38105); Yad Vashem; Bundesarchiv Koblenz, Liste von ermordeten Juden aus Deutschland, Gedenkbuch. Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933–1945, Koblenz 1986; Staatsarchiv Hamburg, Gedenkbuch Hamburger Jüdische Opfer der Nationalsozialismus, Hamburg 1995; Frank Bajohr, "Arisierung" in Hamburg. Die Verdrängung der jüdischen Unternehmer 1933–1945, Hamburg 1998, S. 239 (Firma Albert Geo Simon); Björn Eggert, Ein Stolperstein für Felix Matthies, in: Maajan – Die Quelle. Zeitschrift für jüdische Familienforschung, Heft 105, Dezember 2012, S. 4151–4155; Hamburger Börsenfirmen 1910–11, Hamburg 1910, S. 691 (Warnholtz & Matthies), S. 459 (D.Müller & Co.); Hamburger Börsenfirmen 1935, Hamburg 1935, S. 79 (G.H. & L.F. Blohm), S. 541 (J. Magnus & Co.), S. 892 (Warnholtz & Matthies); Hamburger Adressbuch 1881, 1886, 1889–1891, 1900–1903, 1905, 1911–1913, 1918–1919, 1923, 1926–1930, 1935–1936, 1940; Amtliches Fernsprechbuch Hamburg 1914, 1920, 1931; https://katalog.ub.uni-leipzig.de (Gerd Matthies, Von der Vertrauensperson zum Vergleichsverwalter, Doktorarbeit 1936); Telefonat/ Gespräch mit B. E., April 2014 u. Juni 2015; E-Mail von R. M., März 2015 u. April 2015.