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Constanze Mathiason (née Kalmus) * 1871

Parkallee 7 (Eimsbüttel, Harvestehude)

1942 Theresienstadt
ermordet 03.04.1943

further stumbling stones in Parkallee 7:
Selly Baruch

Constanze Mathiason, née Kalmus, born 3.2.1871 in Berlin, deported 15.7.1942 to Theresienstadt, murdered 3.4.1943

Parkallee 7 (Harvestehude)

Constanze Mathiason, née Kalmus, was the daughter of the Berlin merchant Julius Kalmus (1839-1917) and his wife Fanny, née Gottschalk (1848-1928), who was born in Märkisch Friedland (West Prussia) - the Jewish couple had married in Berlin in 1868. Constanze had three siblings: Recha Marck, née Kalmus (1869-1942), Ernst Kalmus (later doctorate, 1874-1959) and Alice Süs(s)kind, née Kalmus (1875-1936).

After completing secondary school, she "went to the Leverson boarding school in Hanover for further education. She then learned housekeeping.” The head of the boarding house was the British Dr. Kate Leverson, née Hyam (1839-1891), who had founded the institute at Thiergartenstraße 3-4.

Constanze came from an economically successful Jewish family. Her father was an authorized signatory for the Berlin grain merchant Salomon Lachmann and had founded his own "bank and product commission business” in 1874. It was only natural that Constanze - and her two sisters - would marry men from similarly well-off families. It was probably no coincidence that all three sons-in-law ran their own banking business and were involved in their respective Jewish communities.

In 1897, on her 26th birthday, Constanze married the 41-year-old Hamburg stockbroker Ludwig Mathiason (1855-1925) in Berlin and moved to Hamburg to him and his three daughters in Hamburg. Her husband's first marriage had been to Toni Mathiason, née Pincus (1856-1892), a native of Schwerin. From this marriage came the daughters Jenny Jacobsohn, née Mathiason (1883-1979), Elisabeth "Lizzi” Levin, née Mathiason (1884-1942) and Leonie Lesser, née Mathiason (1889-1942). The first wife died in August 1892 during the birth of her fourth child; both were buried in the Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Jewish cemetery.

Constanze and Ludwig Mathiason had three more children of their own: Mélanie (1897-1980), Alice (1899-1983) and Helmuth Mathias Joachim (1901-1975).

The family lived at Eichenallee 43 I. Stock (1892-1897), which was renamed Brahmsallee 15 in 1899, Hansastraße 51/ Harvestehude (1897-1900), Hansastraße 63 II. Stock/ Harvestehude (1901-1903), Mittelweg 104 (1903-1908) and Isestraße 113 I. Stock/ Harvestehude (1908-1925).

The latter address was a 6 to 7-room apartment with tasteful furnishings, as the niece Paula Hartstein née Mathiason (see Anna Mathiason, née Spiro in www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de) reported around 1960. In the dining room there was a long extendable table with 18 leather-covered chairs, and the silverware was kept in two cupboards, which had been purchased for the wedding in 1907. There was also enough crockery for large parties, including a Rosenthal service for 18 people and an old English porcelain service for 36 people. The buffet was adorned with two large carafes with silver fittings. In the apartment there were bookcases, a Blüthner piano, an old English mahogany grandfather clock from the 18th century and a gilded bronze clock with enamel inlay. On the walls were old copper engravings and oil paintings, mostly of landscapes and portraits, as well as two old Chinese wall plates. The salon was furnished with 19th century French Empire furniture made of mahogany with mother-of-pearl inlays, which had been purchased for the Mittelweg or Isestraße apartment.

Ludwig Mathiason was the owner of the banking and exchange business Mathiason & Trier, founded in 1883. He and his partner Simon Trier bought and sold securities and foreign currency. At the Hamburg Stock Exchange, they had their stand in the new building at "Bk.18, Sitz b”. From 1905, Ludwig Mathiason was the sole owner of the company and Simon Trier was now an authorized signatory.

His brothers, Alfred (1858-1934) and Michael Mathiason (1857-1929), were also active as independent merchants in Hamburg, Michael Mathiason in the raw tobacco trade (Mathiason & Co., founded in 1880) and Alfred Mathiason in horsehair (Alfred Mathiason, founded in 1886)

During the First World War, employees of Mathiason & Trier were called up for military service. Constanze Mathiason, who was already well informed about the company's business affairs thanks to the many business discussions with her husband, now worked constantly in the business, as did her daughter Alice, who worked as a secretary in the company from 1916; she had attended a Höhere Töchterschule/ Lyzeum from 1905 to 1915 and then a commercial school from 1915 to 1916, from which she graduated with distinction.

After graduating from secondary school in March 1917, their son Helmuth volunteered as a Red Cross soldier at the Marienkrankenhaus in Hamburg, where he worked as a nurse - part of the Marienkrankenhaus was kept free for wounded soldiers after the start of the war. In 1918, he began an apprenticeship in his father's company, where he was given power of attorney after completing his apprenticeship.

Ludwig Mathiason was a member of the board of the Hamburg Stock Exchange from 1919 to 1925. He was also a committed member of the German-Israelitic Community of Hamburg for many years. In 1892, he was one of the initiators of the "Israelitische Höhere Töchterschule” (Jewish Girl’s School) and in 1907 one of the founders of the support association for this school. In 1923, he became deputy chairman of the Jewish Orphan Institute at Papendamm 3. The same applied to Constanze Mathiason: in 1927, she was the first chairwoman of the "Association of Jewish Women for Cultural Work in Palestine”. Alongside her, who was named on a document as "Mrs. Ludwig Mathiason”, "Mrs. Aby S. Warburg” (Elly Warburg, née Simon 1873-1931) was the second chairwoman.

The 20-year-old Helmuth Mathiason had joined the company as a partner in 1925, six months before his father's death. After the death of her husband, Constanze Mathiason joined the general partnership as a further partner. During the global economic crisis, business was also poor for Mathiason & Trier. In addition, the company lost 32,000 Reichsmark in the course of a settlement with the textile trading company E. Kahn & Co. (Admiralitätsstraße 66). The coalition government of the National Socialists in 1933 denied Jewish business owners a share in the economic upswing. From 1936, the company was forced off the market by targeted government restrictions (including a ban on entering the stock exchange and withdrawal of the stock exchange card), and at the end of 1938 the private bank had to cease business operations, as the "Ordinance on the Elimination of Jews from German Economic Life” (Verordnung zu Ausschaltung der Juden aus dem deutschen Wirtschaftsleben) came into force in November 1938. The company was deleted from the commercial register in January 1939.

Helmuth Mathiason (born 16.12.1901 in Hamburg) applied in 1925, four weeks after the death of his father, to be allowed to use his father's first name "as an additional and last first name” - this request was granted. He married Gerda Oschinsky (born 1905 in Breslau) in June 1929 in Breslau. She was the daughter of Heinrich Oschinsky (born 17.2.1870 in Breslau), a real estate agent and member of the board of the Jewish Hospital in Breslau. After graduating from Ilming's Lyceum in Breslau, she attended the commercial school in Breslau from 1921 to 1922 and completed a course in Neumann-Neurode infant gymnastics in Berlin in 1926. From 1935, the couple lived in a first floor apartment at Isestraße 96. At the beginning of 1937, they applied to emigrate to Palestine. To do so, they applied for an export permit for the Category A 1 showpiece money in the amount of 1,000 Palestinian pounds (around 12,500 RM). Their parents-in-law Heinrich Oschinsky and Käthe Oschinsky, née Pollack, and their son had already emigrated to the British Mandate. The plan failed. It is not clear from the emigration file why Helmuth and Gerda Mathiason were unable to emigrate. Under the impression of the events of the November pogrom in 1938, they again presented themselves to the foreign currency office in Hamburg in February 1939. This time their destination on the emigration questionnaire was the USA. As their legal situation in the German Reich was constantly being devalued by new regulations and laws and the time of their departure to the USA was still uncertain, they decided to flee to the Netherlands in April 1939, where their uncle Kurt Pollack (1879-1945) and their wife's aunt Gertrud Pollack, née Simons (1891-1945) lived in Leiden (Rijnsburgerweg 163). (Stumbling stones were laid for them in Leiden in 2023.) In May 1939, Helmuth and Gerda Mathiason managed to emigrate to the USA with their daughter Helen.

After her husband's death, Constanze Mathiason was registered at various addresses according to the Jewish religious tax register: Breitenfelderstraße 70/ Eppendorf (1932-1934), Parkallee 7 Hochparterre/ Harvestehude (until 1938) and, from April 1938, two rooms at Hansastraße 57 II. Floor (Harvestehude) with Julius Lewandowski (1868-1938) and Emma Lewandowski (1875-1942). (The "privateer” Julius Lewandowski was deported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp in June 1938 and died there two months later).

The exclusion of Jews by the Nazi regime also included forced relocation and the loss of their previous living space. Constanze Mathiason's last addresses at Innocentiastraße 21 (1940), Rothenbaumchaussee 217 and Beneckestraße 6 meant that she had already been forced to move into "Jewish houses”.

In a declaration of assets as of August 31, 1938, the widowed 67-year-old Constanze Mathiason stated that she only had cash amounting to 120 RM; she had no securities or real estate, and her 1/3 share in Mathiason & Trier was worthless. In May 1939, the bank M. M. Warburg & Co. applied to the foreign exchange office in Hamburg for permission to transfer 500 RM from the blocked account of the son who had already emigrated to Constanze Mathiason's account. The handwritten processing note from the foreign exchange office on the typewritten letter could not be deciphered.

There have been indications of Constanze Mathiason's efforts to leave the country since at least September 1938, although she did not have a passport at the time. Her emigration to the British Mandate of Palestine was noted on her Jewish religious tax card for February 1939 and then again for July 1939, and a state clearance certificate (U.B.) had already been issued for June 20, 1939 and noted there. However, the entries are misleading, as their emigration did not realize. The reasons for their failure to emigrate may have been a lack of financial means as well as the tensions in the Mandate territory. The British immigration certificates were issued either according to professional suitability or according to the capital carried (at least 1,000 Palestine pounds, which corresponded to around RM 12,500), while at the same time the Nazi state systematically appropriated Jewish assets. In spring 1939, Great Britain reduced the existing Jewish immigration quota due to Arab resistance nd imposed an immigration ban on Jews from October 1939.

In October 1941, the German Reich issued a ban on Jews leaving the country and began deporting and systematically murdering them. Constanze Mathiason's last attempt to emigrate also failed: As late as October 28, 1941, the merchant James Wiener (born July 24, 1873 in Altona) from Isestraße 80, acting as an authorized representative for Constanze Mathiason, drew up a "List of Removal Goods” and filled out the "Questionnaire for the Sending of Removal Goods”. An updated "Questionnaire for Emigrants” with the departure destination is missing from the file, as is a response from the foreign exchange office. Three days earlier, the first deportation train had left the Hanover train station in Hamburg for Lodz.

Constanze Mathiason was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto on July 15, 1942, where she died on April 3, 1943 due to the conditions deliberately created there by the German occupiers and the camp bureaucracy. A Stumbling Stone was laid for Constanze Mathiason at Parkallee 7 in March 2009.

James Wiener was also deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto on July 15, 1942, where he died five months later. A Stolperstein at Isestraße 80 commemorates him.

The fate of Constanze Mathiasons relatives:
Daughter Jenny married the ophthalmologist Leo Jacobsohn (1875-1934) in Hamburg in 1907. She described her career to the Berlin Compensation Office in 1960: "I was the best pupil at (Ida) Platzmann's secondary (girls') school in Hamburg and as I was the daughter of a very wealthy banker, I was sent to England and Switzerland to learn languages. I would have much preferred to study, as I had always been very interested in medicine, but unfortunately I was not allowed to. When I returned from abroad, I went to Berlin, where I married the ophthalmologist Dr. Leo Jacobsohn, Berlin.” She worked for 20 years as a receptionist in his ophthalmologist's practice, which had been located at Prenzlauerstraße 19 (Prenzlauer Berg) since 1908. The apartment was furnished with carpets, paintings, bronzes, two Japanese cloisonné vases and a bar, among other things. Mr. and Mrs. Jacobsohn also owned a Buick automobile. They took at least two vacation trips every year. After the natural death of her husband in 1934, the Gestapo in Berlin prohibited her from selling the practice and its inventory. After paying 20,000 RM "Reich Flight Tax”, she was allowed to emigrate to Palestine via Trieste in 1935 and survived there.

The grandparents Julius and Fanny Kalmus also arrived from Berlin in January 1912 for their daughter Leonie's wedding in March 1912 to the pharmacist Benno Lesser (born May 30, 1874 in Neustettin). For the next seven months, they lived with their son Ernst Kalmus at Behnstraße 1 I. Stock/ Ecke Rothenbaumchaussee (today Hermann-Behn-Weg). The Bornplatz synagogue, inaugurated in 1906, was within walking distance of the apartment. In addition to the bride's father Ludwig Mathiason, Julius Kalmus was the second witness at the civil marriage. The wedding in the synagogue probably took place a few weeks later. Leonie's dowry amounted to 100,000 marks. After the marriage, Leonie Lesser, née Mathiason, moved to Berlin, where her husband owned a pharmacy at Hohenstaufenstraße 29 (Schöneberg) at the end of the 1920s; his last pharmacy was in the Wilmersdorf district at Kaiserallee 172 (now Bundesallee). Leonie Lesser worked full-time in the pharmacy, which had to be sold at the end of 1938/beginning of 1939 under pressure from the state. Leonie and Benno Lesser were deported to the Lodz ghetto on October 18, 1941 and on May 8 Leonie Lesser was declared dead in the 1950s on December 31, 1945.

Elisabeth "Lizzie” married the Berlin mortgage and goods broker Siegfried Lewin (born April, 10, 1875 in Rogowo/Posen) in 1908. At the time of the census in May 1939, they were living in Berlin-Charlottenburg at Marburger Straße 13. The couple were deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto on August 11, 1942 and then deported to the Treblinka extermination camp on September 26, 1942 and murdered.

Constanze Mathiason's brother, the neurologist Dr. Ernst Kalmus (born January 1, 1874 in Berlin), had attended the Königliches Wilhelms Gymnasium in Berlin-Tiergarten and studied medicine at the University of Berlin. He moved from Lübeck to Hamburg in 1904. After the start of the First World War, he lived with his wife and two daughters to Warmbüchenkamp 4 in Hanover in June 1915, from where he registered several times - presumably due to the war: in August 1915 to Bad Nenndorf, in July 1917 to Crantz and in May 1918 to Königsberg/East Prussia. Finally, he ran a practice in Hamburg at Colonnaden 9, first floor right (Neustadt) and lived at Brahmsallee 23, second floor (Harvestehude). Stock (Harvestehude). He was also very active in the Jewish community and was, among other things, a member of the Representative College of the German-Israelitic Community of Hamburg (including from 1920 to 1933), a member of the Henry Jones Lodge, a member of the Hamburg Zionist Association (HZV) and a board member of the Talmud Tora School at Grindelhof and the Israelitische Girl’s School. He was arrested in April 1933 following a denunciation and, after his release, was able to emigrate to Palestine with his wife Agnes, née Federlein (born 1884), in September 1933. The Palestinian authorities had granted them a category A permanent residence permit on August 20, 1934. Through lawyer Bernhard David (1878-1949), who also emigrated to Palestine in the fall of 1939, Ernst Kalmus was able to transfer his assets of RM 21,000, which had been frozen in Hamburg, via a special account at the trust and transfer office Haavara Ltd (Tel Aviv).

Constanze Mathiason's sister Recha had become engaged to the banker Moritz Marck (1857-1941) in November 1889 and moved in with him in Breslau after their marriage in 1890. Moritz Marck, son of the banker Albert Hermann Marck, had become the owner of the banking business Prinz & Marck jr. at Schweidnitzer Straße 19 in the center of Wroclaw's old town around 1918, together with his brother Ernst Marck (1866-1935). After the takeover by Disconto-Gesellschaft in 1920, he was a member of the committee of Disconto-Gesellschaft, Breslau branch, as well as 1st deputy chairman of the securities registration office of the Breslau Chamber of Industry and Commerce. He was closely associated with the Jewish Community, as his offices and memberships show: Member of the committee for the Old Synagogue in Breslau (1894-1923), community leader and chairman of the ritual committee in Breslau (1920-1923), full member of the Berlin Rabbinical Seminary (including 1911/12). His interest in art is illustrated by the fact that he provided exhibits for the planned, but unrealized, Jewish Museum in Breslau in 1928. It can be assumed that his apartment was furnished accordingly. The Marck couple's home address around 1918 was Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 7, later the address was Reichspräsidentenplatz 7 and then Hindenburgplatz 7. Recha’s husband died in Breslau on May 22, 1941. Recha Marck was deported from Breslau to the Theresienstadt ghetto on July 27, 1942, and then on to the Treblinka extermination camp on September 23, 1942, where she was murdered.

Translation: Beate Meyer
Stand: November 2024
© Björn Eggert

Quellen: Staatsarchiv Hamburg (StaH) 231-7 (Handelsregister), A 1 Band 1 (A3, Mathiason & Trier); StaH 231-7 (Handelsregister), A 33 Band 5 (Prokuristenkartei nach Firmen sortiert, Mathiason); StaH 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident), R 1938/1795 (Constanze Mathiason); StaH 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident), FVg 6092 (Constanze Mathiason); StaH 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident),F 1646 (Helmuth Ludwig Mathiason u. Gerda Mathiason); StaH 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident), F 1243 (Ernst Kalmus); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 2057 u. 3712/1883 (Geburtsregister 1883, Jenny Mathiason); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 208 u. 3855/1886 (Sterberegister 1886, Matthias Mathiason); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 7866 u. 2096/1892 (Sterberegister 1892, Toni Mathiason geb. Pincus); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 9134 u. 2122/1897 (Geburtsregister 1897, Mélanie Mathiason); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 13087 u. 964/1899 (Geburtsregister 1899, Alice Mathiason); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 13618 u. 2990/1901 (Geburtsregister 1901, Helmuth Mathias Joachim Mathiason, mit Namenszusatz Ludwig 1925); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8650 u. 43/1907 (Heiratsregister 1907, Dr. med. Leo Jacobsohn u. Jenny Mathiason); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8657 u. 364/1908 (Heiratsregister 1908, Siegfried Lewien u. Elisabeth Mathiason); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter),8682 u. 71/1912 (Heiratsregister 1912, Benno Lesser u. Leonie Mathiason); StaH 332-5(Standesämter), 8742 u. 564/1920 (Heiratsregister 1920, Wilhelm Kahn u. Alice Mathiason); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8081 u. 157/1925 (Sterberegister 1925, Ludwig Mathiason); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter),1024 u. 225/1934 (Sterberegister 1934, Alfred Mathiason); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter),9880 u. 194/1936 (Sterberegister 1936, Alice Süskind geb. Kalmus); StaH 332-7 (Staatsangehörigkeitsaufsicht), AIe40 Bd.10 (Bürgerregister 1876-1896 L-Z), Ludwig Mathiason, Fondsmakler (13.5.1881 Bürgerrecht Nr. 9686), Michael Mathiason, ohne Berufsangabe (14.8.1885 Bürgerrecht Nr. 12290), Alfred Mathiason, Kaufmann (21.10.1892 Bürgerrecht Nr. 19951); StaH 332-8 (Meldewesen), Alte Einwohnermeldekartei 1892-1925, K 6571 (Ludwig Mathiason, Melanie Mathiason, Jenny Mathiason, Alice Mathiason); StaH 332-8 (Meldewesen), Alte Einwohnermeldekartei 1892-1925, Rollfilm K 6345 (Julius u. Fanny Kalmus); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 1669 (Constanze Mathiason); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 21788 (Alice Kahn geb. Mathiason); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 25542 (Helmuth Mathiason); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 29371 (Gerda Mathiason geb. Oschinsky); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 2304 (Ernst Kalmus); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 31926 (Kurt Süsskind); StaH 522-1 (Jüdische Gemeinden), 992b (Kultussteuerkartei der Deutsch-Israelitischen Gemeinde Hamburg), Ludwig Mathiason, Constanze Mathiason, Kurt Süsskind (Neffe); Jüdischer Friedhof Hamburg-Ohlsdorf, Gräberverzeichnis (Toni Mathiason geb. Pincus, gestorben 30.8.1892, Grablage B 11 Nr. 197; N.N. Mathiason, 2 Tage alt, gestorben 31.8.1892, Grablage B 11 Nr. 197; Ludwig Mathiason gestorben 7.4.1925, Grablage B12 Nr. 113; Alice Süsskind geb. Kalmus, gestorben 13.3.1936, Grablage O 3 Nr. 106); Bundesarchiv Berlin, R 1509 (Reichssippenamt), Volks-, Berufs-, u. Betriebszählung am 17. Mai 1939 (Constanze Mathiason, Hamburg, Hansastr. 57; Emma Lewandowski geb. Netter, Hamburg, Hansastr. 57; James Wiener, Hamburg, Isestr. 80; Recha Marck geb. Kalmus, Breslau, Hindenburgplatz 7; Leonie Lesser geb. Mathiason, Berlin, Kaiserallee 172; Elisabeth Levin geb. Mathiason, Berlin-Charlottenburg, Marburger Str. 13); Landesamt für Bürger- und Ordnungsangelegenheiten (LABO) Berlin, Entschädigungsbehörde Berlin, Akten 264.199 (Jenny Jacobsohn geb. Mathiason), Akte 261.289 (Leonie Lesser geb. Mathiason); Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Stadtgericht Berlin (Heirat 1868, Julius Kalmus u. Jenny Gottschalk); Landesarchiv Berlin, Heiratsregister 1890 (Moritz Marck u. Recha Kalmus); Landesarchiv Berlin, Heiratsregister 55/1897 (Ludwig Mathiason u. Constanze Kalmus); Landesarchiv Berlin, Heiratsregister Berlin 1903 (Isaak Süskind u. Alice Kalmus); Landesarchiv Berlin, Sterberegister 442/ 1917 (Julius Kalmus); Stadtarchiv Hannover, Einwohnermeldekarte Dr. Ernst Kalmus (1915-1918); Gedenkstätte und Museum Sachsenhausen (Julius Lewandowski, Häftlingsnummer 006275); Handelskammer Hamburg, Handelsregisterinformationen (Mathiason & Trier); Handelskammer Hamburg, Archiv 53D.3.2.8 (Bekanntmachung der Mitglieder des Vorstands der Wertpapierbörse, Ludwig Mathiason, 1919, 1925); Hamburger Börsenfirmen, 1910, S. 427 (Mathiason & Trier, gegr. 1883, Bank- u. Wechselgeschäft, Kauf- u. Verkauf von Wertpapieren, Inhaber Ludwig Mathiason, Prokurist Simon Trier); Hamburger Börsenfirmen, 1926, S. 675 (Mathiason & Trier, gegr. 1883, Bank- u. Wechselgeschäft, Inhaber Helmut Ludwig Mathias Mathiason u. Constanze Mathiason geb. Kalmus, Große Bleichen 23, Zimmer 1-3); Hamburger Börsenfirmen, 1935, S. 552 (Mathiason & Trier, gegr. 1883, Bankgeschäft, Fondsbörse, Inhaber Helmut Ludwig Mathiason u. Constanze Mathiason geb. Kalmus, Isestr. 96 Parterre); Handbuch der Industrie- und Handelskammer Breslau 1927, S. 32 (Zulassungsstelle für Wertpapiere: Bankier Moritz Marck, Reichspräsidentenplatz 7); Adressbuch Hamburg (Ludwig Mathiason, Mathiason & Trier) 1885, 1895-1901, 1905; Adressbuch Hamburg (Constanze Mathiason) 1928-1932, 1934; Adressbuch Hamburg (Behnstr. 1/ Rotherbaum) 1912, 1913; Adressbuch Hamburg (Isestraße 96), 1935; Adressbuch Hamburg (Ernst Kalmus) 1930; Adressbuch Hamburg (I. u. Kurt Süsskind, Eppendorfer Landstr. 30) 1935; Adressbuch Hamburg(Julius Lewandowski, Privatm., Hansastr. 57) 1939; Adressbuch Hamburg (Emma Lewandowski, Witwe, Hansastr. 57); Adressbuch Hamburg (Aby S. Warburg, Alsterufer 18, in Firma M. M. Warburg & Co.) 1927, 1932; Adressbuch Berlin 1890 (Julius Kalmus, Bank- u. Produkt-Kommiss.-Geschäft, Berlin W, Magdeburgerstr. 32); Adressbuch Berlin 1900 (Julius Kalmus, Bank-Geschäft, Berlin W, Winterfeldstr. 18); Adressbuch Berlin 1910 (J. Kalmus, Rentier, W 30, Eisenacher Str. 98); Adressbuch Berlin 1908, 1910, 1920 (Dr. Leo Jacobsohn); Fernsprechbuch Berlin (Julius Kalmus, Bank- u. Producten-Commission) 1888, 1890 (Magdeburgerstr. 32), 1897 (Bülowstr. 21), 1902 (Winterfeldtstr. 13); Adressbuch Breslau (Moritz Marck) 1918, 1931; Adressbuch Hannover (Leverson), 1888; Königlich Preußischer Staats-Anzeiger 1866 (Prokura für Julius Kalmus bei Firma Salomon Lachmann in Berlin, 30.1.1866); Nationalzeitung Juni 1868 (Verlobungsanzeige von Fanny Gottschalk, Märkisch Friedland und Julius Kalmus, Berlin); Breslauer Jüdisches Gemeindeblatt, 17. Januar 1927 (Würdigung zum 70. Geburtstag von Moritz Marck); Maike Bruhns, Geflohen aus Deutschland. Hamburger Künstler im Exil 1933-1945, Bremen 2007, S. 189 (Exil Palästina/ Israel); Tim Buchen/ Maria Luft (Hrsg.), Breslau/ Wroclaw 1933-1949, Studien zur Topographie der Schoah, Berlin 2023, S. 257 Fußnote 54 (Moritz Marck); Gesundheitsbehörde Hamburg (Hrsg.), Hygiene und soziale Hygiene in Hamburg, Hamburg 1928, S. 246 (Marienkrankenhaus); Ingo Köhler, Die "Arisierung" der Privatbanken im Dritten Reich, München 2008, S. 592 Tabelle (Mathiason & Trier); Ina Lorenz, Die Juden in Hamburg zur Zeit der Weimarer Republik, Hamburg 1987, S. 415, 465, 1457 (Ludwig Mathiason), S. 852 (Frau Ludwig Mathiason), S. 181, 215, 238, 368, 929, 945, 1215, 1404 (Ernst Kalmus); Heiko Morisse, Jüdische Rechtsanwälte in Hamburg. Ausgrenzung und Verfolgung im NS-Staat, Hamburg 2003, S. 122 (Bernhard David); Rabbiner-Seminar Berlin, Jahresbericht 1911/12, Berlin 1913, S. 17 (Jahresbeiträge ordentlicher Mitglieder, Julius Kalmus); Ursula Randt, Die Talmud Tora Schule in Hamburg 1805 bis 1942, München/ Hamburg 2005, S. 116-117, 119 (Dr. Kalmus); Anna von Villiez, Mit aller Kraft verdrängt. Entrechtung und Verfolgung "nicht arischer" Ärzte in Hamburg 1933 bis 1945, München/ Hamburg 2009, S. 314 (Ernst Kalmus); Jüdisch-librale Zeitung, Breslau 1.7.1921 (Breslau, Israelitische Gesundheitseinrichtung: Heinrich Oschinsky); Breslauer Jüdisches Gemeindeblatt, Breslau 19.3.1926, Nr. 3, S. 35 ("… Die Religions-Unterrichtsanstalten … der liberalen Richtung … unterhält … zwei (Zweiganstalten) … für die Südvorstadt im Ilming’schen Lyzeum, Kleiststraße 4, und für die Odervorstadt in der Bender-Oberrealschule, Lehmdamm 3."); https://digital.zlb.de (Verzeichnis der in das Handelsregister Berlin 1870 eingetragenen Firmen, KP Julius Kalmus in lig. Gebrüder Lachmann); www.geni.com (Fanny Kalmus, Kate Leverson, Ludwig Eliezer Mathiason, Alice Süsskind, Mélanie Oppenhejm geb. Mathiason); https://www.oorlogsbronnen.nl/tijdlijn/Kurt-Pollack; https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/ (Recha Marck; Elisabeth Lizzie Levin geb. Mathiason); https://www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de (Anna Mathiason geb. Spiro, James Wiener, Erich Alexander Heilbut, dort Nachtrag zu Dr. Ernst Kalmus).