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Röschen Rosenbaum (née Falkenthal) * 1873

Greflingerstraße 1 (Hamburg-Nord, Winterhude)

HIER WOHNTE
RÖSCHEN
ROSENBAUM
GEB. FALKENTHAL
JG. 1873
FLUCHT 1939 HOLLAND
INTERNIERT WESTERBORK
DEPORTIERT 1943
SOBIBOR
ERMORDET 28.5.1943

Röschen Rosenbaum, née Falkenthal, born on 30 Dec. 1873 in Gadebusch, deported on 25 May 1943 from the Westerbork transit camp to the Sobibor extermination camp and murdered

Grindelhof 45 (formerly 47)

Rosa, called Röschen, Falkenthal was born as the daughter of Pauline and Wolf Falkenthal in Gadebusch. There she grew up together with her three siblings: Hermann, born on 6 Feb. 1862; Julie, born on 23 Aug. 1864; and Siegmund, born on 1 Feb. 1877. Her father Wolf Falkenthal, born on 27 Mar. 1827, came from this village and worked there as an independent merchant.

The family name of Falkenthal was first recorded in Gadebusch in 1813. With the legal emancipation of the Jews in Mecklenburg and the associated obligation for Jewish fellow citizens to adopt hereditary last names, Hirsch Wulff in Gadebusch, an ancestor of Röschen, had chosen the surname of Falkenthal. The progressive law was not in effect for long and had been repealed again due to constant interventions by the estates in Sept. 1817. However, the family name of Falkenthal was retained in Gadebusch.

When Röschen was ten years old, a member of the Falkenthal family became champion marksman (Schützenkönig) in Gadebusch. Whether it was her father is not known.

Her mother Pauline, née Rosenbaum, born on 18 Nov. 1840, was a native of Sternberg.

To this date, no details could be established about Röschen’s childhood and school years. On 1 Dec. 1890, at the time of the census in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, she was staying in Sternberg with the family of her future husband. When another census took place in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin on 1 Dec. 1900, her parents, her older siblings Julie and Hermann, as well as the maid Anna Maack lived in Röschen Rosenbaum’s parental home according to the census list. Hermann Falkenthal ran an independent commercial agency there.

At the time of the census, Röschen had already left her parents’ home and, at the age of 21, married the 34-year-old merchant Gabriel Rosenbaum, born on 15 July 1860 in Sternberg, in her birthplace on 5 Apr. 1895. He was the cousin of her mother; Röschen’s grandfather Samuel Rosenbaum from Sternberg was the brother of Moses Rosenbaum, the father of her husband.

Gabriel Rosenbaum had settled in Hamburg with his brother Siegmund, born in 1858 in Sternberg, and founded the "Gebr. Rosenbaum” ("Rosenbaum Bros.”) paper goods factory together with him on 4 Jan. 1892. Initially, they produced sample bags and hangtags at Deichstrasse 49.

The young Rosenbaum couple lived in the Hamburg-Neustadt, at Gross Neumarkt 19 on the third floor. Their first child, daughter Mathilde, was born there on 14 Feb. 1896. On 27 Jan. 1898, their son Kurt was born in the new apartment at Borgfelderstrasse 10.

Röschen and Gabriel Rosenbaum then moved with their children to Gosslerstrasse 5, where their third child, Hans, was born on 21 June 1901.

When Röschen’s mother Pauline Falkenthal from Gadebusch visited Hamburg for six weeks at the end of June 1905, she lived with her daughter Röschen and her family at Enckeplatz 4, on the fourth floor, because they had changed apartments once again.

On 23 Mar. 1906, Gabriel Rosenbaum (and thus also his wife Röschen Rosenbaum and their children) acquired Hamburg civic rights, and so did his brother Siegmund Rosenbaum two months later.

Starting in 1909, Röschen Rosenbaum and her family lived at Grindelhof 47 on the fourth floor. During the war years between 1915 and 1918, her sister Julie Falkenthal from Gadebusch, who worked in her hometown as a "support” ("Stütze”), i.e., a maid, came to visit her there at times.

In Jan. 1917, Gabriel Rosenbaum took over the stationary company as sole owner; his brother Siegmund continued to hold power of attorney.

Röschen’s brother Siegmund Falkenthal also moved to Hamburg. At the beginning of the year 1897, the military called him in for his army physical, and in the First World War, he served as a soldier, got into British captivity, and was interned on the Isle of Man from 1914 onward. It was not until 31 Jan. 1919 that he returned to Hamburg. Apparently, there was a close connection between Siegmund and Röschen.

At the beginning of Jan. 1920, son Kurt Rosenbaum joined his father’s company as a partner. We owe a description of the family members to the passport records of Aug. 1921: Röschen and Gabriel Rosenbaum were "lower average” in height; their children Mathilde and Kurt of medium height; all had brown eyes and dark brown hair, except for Gabriel Rosenbaum, who was already graying.

Kurt Rosenbaum married Mary Louise, née Frank, born on 5 Mar. 1902 in Potsdam, and lived with her in a private home in Hamburg-Eppendorf, at Loogeplatz 5. They had two children: Mirjam, born on 23 Dec. 1921, and Klaus Peter, born on 19 Aug. 1925. Mirjam attended the Dr. Löwenberg School at the age of five and took part in the religious classes of the German-Israelitic Community.

In 1927, Röschen Rosenbaum and her husband moved with their daughter Mathilde, who was a music student at the time, from Grindelhof, where they had lived for 17 years, to Sierichstrasse 32. One year later, on 6 July 1928, Röschen Rosenbaum’s husband Gabriel Rosenbaum died there shortly before his sixty-eighth birthday. He found his last resting place in the Ohlsdorf Jewish Cemetery on Ilandkoppel.

At this point, his son Kurt continued the paper goods and envelope factory at Lorenzstrasse 14/16 on his own, because his uncle Siegfried Rosenbaum had already left the "Gebr. Rosenbaum” Company on 1 Sept. 1923.

The younger son Hans Rosenbaum (see www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de) had meanwhile completed his medical studies and received his license to practice medicine in 1926. From 1925 to 1929, he worked as a doctor at various Berlin hospitals, eventually at the Moabit Hospital. He then opened a practice specializing in children’s diseases at Hanssenweg 15 in Hamburg.

Röschen Rosenbaum’s brother Siegmund Falkenthal ran into economic difficulties. He could no longer exercise his profession as a confectioner, became unemployed at the age of 53 in Dec. 1929, and had to depend on welfare assistance. During his period of unemployment, however, he did not remain inactive and, in addition to his "support work” in the port of Hamburg, which was ordered to perform by the welfare authorities, he developed new ideas and procedures to promote the cultivation of soybeans in Germany. He hoped that the Imperial Food Office (Reichsernährungsamt) would be interested in his work and that he would then be able to make a living on his own again. This hope was not fulfilled. He had to continue working in the Hamburg port of Waltershof.

Röschen Rosenbaum’s son Hans had moved his pediatric practice to Semperstrasse 56. Although in 1933, like all Jewish doctors, his statutory health insurance license was revoked, he tried to continue his practice, in 1934 at Billhorner Röhrendamm 78 and in 1935 at Faassweg 3. In the meantime, his mother and presumably his sister Mathilde as well had moved in with him. They lived together in the years 1937/1938 at Buchenstrasse 12 and, after his license to practice medicine had been revoked on 30 Sept. 1938, as happened to nearly all Jewish doctors, at Opitzstrasse 2 with Nussbaum.

In order to escape persecution by the Nazi rulers, Röschen Rosenbaum’s older son Kurt Rosenbaum, his wife Mary Louise, and their children Klaus Peter and Mirjam had already emigrated to Amsterdam on 15 July 1933. There he set up a similar business as in Hamburg under the name "Papier-Unie” N.V. Amsterdam. With his invention of a sample bag machine (Muster-Automat) in 1938, his company became known among experts. His son Klaus Peter was also able to integrate well into the new environment. He had only been able to complete one class at the reform-oriented Bertram School in Hamburg and then attended Nikolas Maes Straat elementary school (Volksschule) in Amsterdam for five years. In Sept. 1938, he changed to Pieter Lodewyck Tackstraat, a secondary school for the middle classes (Bürgerschule).

Röschen Rosenbaum decided to follow her family to Holland. On 14 Feb. 1939, she managed to flee. From 22 Aug. 1939 onward, she was registered in Amsterdam as residing at Prinsengracht 1023, where she lived with the family of her son Kurt, who had already been registered there since 11 May 1939 with an apartment and office. The entry of Kurt Rosenbaum’s business in the Hamburg company register expired on 6 Dec. 1939.

Daughter Mathilde Rosenbaum, too, intended to emigrate. In Feb. 1939, she had been issued a tax clearance certificate (Unbedenklichkeitsbescheinigung) in Hamburg and she emigrated to the Netherlands in August of that year. However, she did not register as a resident of Amsterdam or in the card file of the Jewish Council. She had presumably fled further to Britain.

Röschen Rosenbaum, her children, and grandchildren certainly experienced a time of anxiety when the German Wehrmacht invaded the Netherlands on 10 May 1940. On the morning of 14 May 1940, when they heard on the radio the news that Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands had left the country and fled to Britain, Kurt Rosenbaum decided to take the car out of the garage and drive it to the coast near Zandvoort, fully loaded with nine people, including his mother Röschen Rosenbaum. They intended to flee across the sea, but there was no ship to be seen anywhere. They stayed in Zandvoort for one night. In desperation, they drove back to Amsterdam the next morning, past burning gas tanks.

The following year, in July 1941, Röschen Rosenbaum’s grandson Klaus Peter had to quit school because he was Jewish. His father hired two private teachers for him, one of whom taught him languages for about a year, and a Mr. Ferro who gave him lessons in mathematics, physics, and chemistry.

Röschen Rosenbaum still had a grace period during which she was able to experience how her granddaughter Mirjam Rosenbaum married Bernard Davids, born on 12 Sept. 1907, a salesman and native of Amsterdam, in a small synagogue in Amsterdam on 18 Dec. 1941. He was well received in her family. The young couple lived in the apartment at President Steynplantsoen 9 hs (on the ground floor). The spouses had a large circle of friends, both liked to go to the rowing club.

During this time, Röschen Rosenbaum was registered in Amsterdam at various addresses, her son and family officially resided at Prinsengracht 1023 hs (ground floor) until 26 May 1942. Kurt Rosenbaum had rented this house to his Dutch business partner W. van Holthuizen, the director of his company. With his help and under his name, he had already been able to outsource his business in 1940 and bring it to safety.

With the beginning of the intensified searches for Jews in mid-July 1942 by SS commandos and the Gestapo, the family went underground.

Röschen Rosenbaum barely eluded a raid in her ground floor apartment on Amstellaan. All the fellow occupants were arrested, only she managed to escape and hide in the "Tuinhuisje,” a small garden house, squeezed into a large suitcase under a feather bed. After that, she went into hiding with her children.

Although Klaus Peter, Kurt, and Mary Louise Rosenbaum were registered with the police at Eemsstraat 17 hs (ground floor), they stayed at Prinsengracht 1023. In case of imminent danger, they fled into a homemade hiding place between two roofs on Prinsengracht. Neither by day nor by night did they leave the house. Kurt Rosenbaum had previously stockpiled food; a non-Jewish Dutch friend, who officially lived there, occasionally brought them food and warned them of danger. They lived in constant fear, and every ring frightened them. On 5 Oct. 1942, the Gestapo raided the house. They were able to escape to their hiding place in time via the attic of their neighbor’s house.

By then, Mirjam and Bernard no longer lived in their apartment either. Under the name of a non-Jewish friend, they were able to stay at Uithornstraat 45. A few days later, they fled Amsterdam; their destination was Switzerland.

On 1 Nov. 1942, at 10 o’clock in the evening, during the curfew for Jews, Klaus Peter, Kurt, and Mary Louise Rosenbaum also left their homes in Amsterdam.

The next morning, hiding in a narrow box under a train, they tried to flee like Mirjam and Bernard via Belgium and France to Switzerland. An enthusiastic letter from Mirjam in Paris had prompted them to dare this step as well.

Röschen Rosenbaum was certainly not physically able to bear the hardships of such an escape and remained underground in Amsterdam together with a female friend, Edith Gumpertz, née Isaak, from Duisburg, who had been widowed since 1939.

However, the flight was ill fated. Already on the next day around noon, the Gestapo arrested the Rosenbaums just past the border, in Feignies near Maubeuge in the Vosges Mountains/France. After a night in the homeless shelter in Maubeuge, they were taken back to Belgium on 3 Nov. 1942 and interned in the Dossin barracks of the SS collection camp in Mechelen (Malines) near Brussels.

An impressive account of their flight and internment has been preserved in a letter dated 22 Apr. 1945 from Kurt Rosenbaum to his sister Mathilde.

(Some data from the Dutch and Belgian archives do not correspond to Kurt Rosenbaum’s life story.)

Röschen Rosenbaum’s granddaughter Mirjam and her husband Bernard Davids were arrested in Paris between 24 and 31 Oct. 1942 and interned in the Drancy concentration camp near Paris. A handwritten letter from Mirjam Davids dated 31 Oct. 1942 from the Camp de Drancy internment camp, at Escalier 7, Chambre 5, Drancy (Seine), to her friend Jo Kuypers in Amsterdam, at Sarphatipark 30, fourth floor, bears witness to her situation. She was only allowed to write the letter in French. She asked for a parcel with food, butter, bread, jam, sugar cubes, sweets, vitamins, soap, and a pack of cigarettes. Each person could receive a weekly package of up to three kilograms (slightly more than 6.5 lbs), exclusively with food but no clothing. She also wrote, "We are together and hope to stay in France without being deported. What delights us in our situation is that we met some other people from Holland, with whom we are often together. In our room upstairs, not too spacious, we live with about other 100 people.
Best regards, Mirjam Bernard”

Six days later, on 6 Nov. 1942, both were deported to Auschwitz on Convoy no. 42 and murdered. Bernard Davids was 35 years old and Mirjam Davids, née Rosenbaum, 20 years old. Stolpersteine in Amsterdam, at President Steynplantsoen 9, serve to commemorate them.

A last card written in French from Mirjam to her family, dated 5 Nov. 1942, one day before her deportation, has been preserved:
"Dear family, the time of departure for an unknown destination has come. We have good courage and some very pleasant travel companions. Do not worry, we hope we can hold out well. Many greetings and many hugs, Mia Bernard”

It is very likely that Röschen Rosenbaum had learned of the letter and the last card of her granddaughter, and also that she knew of the fate of the father of Bernard Davids, the diamond merchant David Davids, born on 23 Mar. 1871 in Amsterdam. On 11 Nov. 1942, five days after the deportation of his son and his daughter-in-law Mirjam, he is said to have died of a heart attack in his apartment, at Nieuwe Achterngracht 103, on the second floor, when he was arrested by the Gestapo. He was 71 years old.

Röschen Rosenbaum remained in contact with her son Kurt. As late as Jan. 1943, she wrote to him in the Mechelen internment camp that his daughter Mirjam and her husband had been deported to Poland from the Drancy transit camp near Paris. On 19 Apr. 1943, Röschen Rosenbaum officially moved to Roerstraat 15 on the second floor. In the following month, on 25 May 1943, she was taken to the Westerbork transit camp and deported to the Sobibor extermination camp on the same day.

In the Amsterdam death registers, her date of death in Sobibor is dated 28 May 1943. It is assumed that Röschen Rosenbaum was murdered there three days later, immediately after her arrival. She was 70 years old.

In the Dossin barracks in Mechelen, Kurt and Mary Louise Rosenbaum and their son Peter were initially scheduled for Deportation XVII/30-31-32, presumably to Drancy. However, they were then assigned to a work detachment. On 27 Jan. 1943, their names were detailed on a workers’ list under the numbers W/109-110-111, and on 29 Apr. 1943, on another workers’ list under the numbers W/57-58-59. Thus, they were lucky enough to evade deportation. Klaus Peter Rosenbaum, 17 years old, was treated in the Mechelen hospital from 24 Dec. 1942 to 7 Jan. 1943.

Kurt, Mary Louise, and Klaus Peter Rosenbaum survived in the Dossin barracks as forced laborers. On 4 Sept. 1944, they were liberated by British and Canadian soldiers from the SS collection camp in Mechelen.

In a post-war list of the "Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Famille, Bruxelles” of prisoners of the Malines camp and in the list of surviving "Jews in Belgium” of the "Central Registration Bureau, Eindhoven, Holland,” they are listed on 17 Aug. 1945. In 1946, they lived in Brussels at Square Marie-Louise 76.

According to Dutch registers, the Rosenbaum couple returned to Germany on 12 Nov. 1947. They could not be found in the Hamburg registers of residents.

According to archive records in Brussels, they were not allowed to settle in Belgium. Kurt, Mary Louise, and Klaus Peter Rosenbaum emigrated to the United States, to New York, on 15 Mar. 1949

They received American citizenship and adopted the family name of Robins. Klaus Peter Robins served in the US Army for ten and a half months.

Kurt, by then Sam Robins, died at the age of 58 on 11 Feb. 1957 in Mount Vernon, New York. Mary Louise, by then Anja Manuela Robins, reached the age of 69; she died in Apr. 1972 in White Plains, New York.

Röschen’s grandson, Klaus Peter Robins, died on 24 Sept. 1994 in Valhalla, Westchester, New York County, at the age of 69.

The following provides details on the fate of the other family members:

Röschen Rosenbaum’s brother Siegmund Falkenthal had also wanted to emigrate. His welfare file contains a note dated 14 July 1939: "F. applied for eight days’ release for taking his exam; F. will emigrate to Australia.” However, the beginning of the war in Sept. 1939 prevented this. From Mar. 1940 onward, he was employed by the Hamburg Jewish Community as a "gardener” at the Ohlsdorf Jewish Cemetery. He lived in the small apartment in the building of the funeral hall together with the Menco family. Along with Manfred Menco, he took over the work of the emigrated former cemetery administrator Max Reich, who had been in charge of the Jewish Cemetery on Ilandkoppel for 20 years.

On 28 May 1941, Siegmund Falkenthal reserved grave O 3-Nr. 441 in the Ohlsdorf Jewish Cemetery for himself and received permission to erect a memorial stone there for his sister Julie Falkenthal, who had been "buried in Lublin.” The inscription read, "In memory of our dear sister Julie Falkenthal, born on 23 Aug. 1864 – 5624 in Gadebusch, deceased on 14 July 1940 – 5700 in Lublin.” Julie Falkenthal had last lived in Stettin (today Szczezin in Poland) and became a victim of one of the early deportations which had already taken place before the beginning of the mass deportations in Oct. 1941 from various areas of the German Reich. She was deported from Stettin to the Glusk Ghetto on 12 Feb. 1940 and murdered on 14 July 1940. She was 75 years old.

On 8 July 1941, Siegmund Falkenthal signed a "renunciation of cremation” in conjunction with the grave reservation, i.e., he determined that he would be buried according to Jewish rites and not cremated.

Having worked at the cemetery for two years, he received the deportation order. On 11 July 1942, he was deported to Auschwitz and murdered; Siegmund Falkenthal was 65 years old.

A Stolperstein in front of the Jewish cemetery at Ilandkoppel 68 in Ohlsdorf commemorates him.

Hans Rosenbaum, the son who remained in Hamburg, was caught in the clutches of the Gestapo after the war began. In the Heimerdinger delicatessen shop, he had expressed criticism regarding the course of the war and had been denounced by goods packer Ms. Schulz. On 10 Nov. 1939, he was sentenced to two years in prison for "for treachery” ("für Heimtücke”) and three days later detained in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison until 10 Nov. 1941. He then stayed at the Jewish Hospital on Johnsallee.

On 15 July 1942, he received the deportation order to the Theresienstadt Ghetto. Together with him, his uncle Arnold Rosenbaum, born on 4 Sept. 1858 in Sternberg, the older brother of his father, was deported.

As the last Jewish merchant in Sternberg, Arnold Rosenbaum had been forced to leave his hometown in 1940 with his twin brother Siegmund Rosenbaum, who had also remained unmarried, and had moved to the retirement home of the Jewish Community in Hamburg, located at Beneckestrasse 6. Siegmund Rosenbaum died shortly afterward on 29 Jan. 1940 in the Israelite Hospital and, like his brother Gabriel, he was buried in the Jewish Cemetery on Ilandkoppel. After three weeks in the Theresienstadt Ghetto, Arnold Rosenbaum died on 5 Aug. 1942 at the age of 83. A Stolperstein commemorates him on the campus of the University of Hamburg (formerly Beneckestrasse 6).

Hans Rosenbaum was further deported to Auschwitz and murdered on 16 May 1944; he was 42 years old. A Stolperstein at Johnsallee 68 commemorates him.

Röschen Rosenbaum’s older brother, Hermann Falkenthal, was deported from Berlin to the Theresienstadt Ghetto on 17 Aug. 1942, then deported further to Treblinka and murdered on 19 Sept. 1942. He was 79 years old.

Her daughter Mathilde Rosenbaum survived and lived in Britain after the war. She appeared in a list of names entitled "List of persons resident in England” of the Association of Jewish Refugees dated 28 June 1945.

Translator: Erwin Fink
Kindly supported by the Hermann Reemtsma Stiftung, Hamburg.

© Margot Löhr

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