Search for Names, Places and Biographies

Dr. Herbert Samson
© Privatbesitz

Dr. Herbert Siegfried Samson * 1898

Sierichstraße 102 (Hamburg-Nord, Winterhude)

1942 Bergen-Belsen /aus Niederlanden
ermordet am 5.1.1945 Bergen-Belsen

Dr. Herbert Samson, born on 26.3.1898, in Hamburg, deported on 1.2.1944, to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where he died on 5.1.1945

Sierichstraße 102 (Winterhude)

Herbert Siegfried Samson was born in Hamburg in 1898, the son of merchant Adolf (Abraham) Samson (1868-1929) and his wife Johanna Samson, née Bauer (1875-1967), at Hochallee 41. His parents had married in Frankfurt am Main, the bride's birthplace and place of residence, in 1897. Her father, David Bauer, was a merchant there. Four years after Herbert, his brother Ernst was born.

His father, Adolf Samson, had been running the import and export company Gebrüder Samson together with his brother Martin Samson (1865-1932) since 1891. In addition, they also founded Aluminium Kokillen-Guss GmbH in September 1921.

After attending Dr. Theodor Wahnschaff's private preschool (Rotherbaum), Herbert Samson attended the Wilhelm Gymnasium (Rotherbaum) from 1907 to 1916. From the summer semester of 1916, he studied law at the University of Berlin and was actively involved in the student fraternity of the Berlin Free Scientific Association (FWV).

In November 1916, he was drafted into military service. A few weeks earlier, the Prussian Minister of War had ordered a "Jewish census” in the army, as there was a suspicion among the officer corps that Jews were evading military service, which – as the census showed – was by no means the case. In March 1917, Herbert Samson took part in trench warfare with Army Corps A in Lorraine, where he was seriously wounded. In April 1917, he was admitted to a field hospital, then to a stage hospital, and finally to the reserve hospital in Saargemünd, Lorraine. It was not until October 1917 that he was reassigned to the IX. 42 – 5th Landsturm Infantry Replacement Battalion Hamburg.

After the First World War, he continued his law studies at the universities of Göttingen (interim semester 1919), Heidelberg (1919), and Hamburg (1919-1920) and became involved in student fraternities. In the 1931 FWV pocketbook, the following was noted in the fraternity chronology for the year 1919: "Foundation of the Free Scientific Association at the University of Hamburg (Oct. 30) and an alumni association in Hamburg: first president of the F.W.V. Hamburg: Bbr. (fraternity brother) Herbert Samson. Both associations joined the B.F.W.V. (Federation of Free Scientific Associations)."

On November 10, 1919, Herbert Samson submitted a "request from the Free Scientific Association at the University of Hamburg for admission as a fraternity” to the university senate, which was granted eleven days later. The FWV was also allowed to set up a bulletin board for information. At that time, the FWV Hamburg had only six members. In addition to Herbert Samson, these were law student Hans Feldmann, law student Josef Koppel (1897-1977), law student Herbert Mendel (1899-1952), philosophy student Heinz Gutmann (born in 1895 in Dessau), and student Walter Scherk. For the first three years, the association's premises were located on the first floor of the Hotel Aué (owned by Emil Fahrenheim) at Dammtorstraße 29.

In June 1921, Herbert Samson wrote about his trip to various affiliated associations in a confidential supplement to the monthly reports of the B.F.W.V. In his critical status report, he also mentioned Nuremberg: "(...) The association there is deliberately presenting itself as a militant association. In Nuremberg, the liberal trading city, raucous anti-Semitism was previously unknown, but now a fraternity at the local business school is trying to spread it. The new F.W.V. wants to take action against this and, to all appearances, is finding support from a large part of the citizenry, right up to the top of the city administration (...). We should give Nuremberg all the support we can (...)". From 1925 to 1927, law student Ludwig Hecht (born in 1904 in Babenhausen) was a member of the three-person executive committee.

Herbert Samson passed his second law exam in Hamburg in December 1922. He had already completed his doctorate on the subject of "The Commission Agent” in February 1921. In January 1923, he was admitted to the bar at the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court, the Hamburg Regional Court, and the District Court.

From 1923 to 1924, he practiced law at Rathausmarkt 5 with attorneys Albert Wulff and Herbert Fischer. From 1925 to 1933, he ran a law firm at Bergstraße 16 together with Dr. Manfred Zadik (1887–1965) and Dr. Hans Levien (1900–1967).

Until early 1926, Herbert Samson lived with his parents at Hochallee 25 (Harvestehude). In April 1926, he married Ilse Hochfeld (born 1907 in Hamburg–2000 in Seattle). Until her wedding, she had lived with her father, the merchant Gustav Hochfeld (co-owner of the family business Giulio Hochfeld, founded in Palermo in 1896 and in Hamburg in 1904, import and export of tropical fruits, Oberhafenstraße 5) and her mother Gertrud, née Simonsohn (born July 23, 1885), and her sister Ursula at Brahmsallee 27 (Harvestehude). Gustav Hochfeld (born May 17, 1876, in Lemgo) was a member of the liberal Jewish cultural association "Tempelverband.”

After their wedding, Herbert and Ilse Samson moved into the second floor of the five-story building at Gryphiusstraße 12, on the corner of Dorotheenstraße (Winterhude). In April 1934, they enrolled their son Werner in the elementary school at Vossberg 21 near the city park (today the Heinrich Hertz School). Due to the exclusion of Jews promoted by the Nazi state, Werner had to leave the school in the fall of 1937, as well as the subsequent Bertram School at Harvestehuderweg 65-67 (Harvestehude) in November 1938.

In September 1935, the family, now consisting of four members (with children Werner, born in 1928, and Irene, born in 1935), moved into a nearby seven-room ground floor apartment at Sierichstraße 102. The apartment building had been constructed in 1912/1913 based on a design by architect Semmy Engel (1864-1946).

The family was doing well, and the father-in-law continued to pay the dowry of RM 1,250 in annual installments (even in 1938). The couple were both active in sports (e.g., they both owned bicycles and tennis equipment, he also had hiking boots and she had skiing equipment) and interested in culture. A list of their belongings from 1939 reveals further hobbies: Herbert Samson had a stamp collection and there was a bridge table in the apartment. Herbert and Ilse Samson's assets amounted to around 60,000 Reichsmarks in December 1938.

On April 27, 1933, the revocation of Herbert Samson's license to practice law was considered on "racial” grounds. However, as a recognized veteran of World War I, he was initially allowed to keep it. His law firm colleague fared differently: lawyer Dr. Hans Levien had his license revoked in April 1933 (he emigrated to Palestine in 1935). The other partner, Manfred Zadik, worked as a lawyer until 1938, after which he was only allowed to work as a "Jewish consultant.”

From 1935 to 1938, Herbert Samson ran his own law firm at Große Theaterstraße 34 (Neustadt). Due to the anti-Semitic policies of the Nazi dictatorship, he increasingly had to deal with the extensive emigration formalities of the foreign exchange office on behalf of his clients, including (from December 1938 as successor to attorney Henry Minden) for businessman Ernst de Haas, who emigrated to the Netherlands in July 1938 (see www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de), and from September 1938, the fiduciary asset management for his father-in-law's company Giulio Hochfeld. Herbert Samson was also appointed by the Foreign Exchange Office as asset manager for the emigrated lawyer Dr. Henry Minden (1890-1971), who wrote to him from Amsterdam on November 4, 1938: "(...) By the way, use the power of attorney as you see fit; I have complete confidence in you.”

On November 30, 1938, Herbert Samson was banned from practicing law as a Jewish lawyer; from December 1, 1938, he was only allowed to work as a "Jewish consultant,” meaning he could only represent Jewish clients. For this license, the Nazi state demanded a "consultant tax,” which had to be paid to the compensation fund at the Reich Bar Association (for 3 1/2 months, this tax amounted to around 5,500 RM). In April/May 1939, the office was taken over by Edgar Haas (1877–1946), who had been employed as an assistant to Herbert Samson since February 1939 and was one of three "Jewish consultants” who were able to continue working in Hamburg throughout the Nazi era. He had to add the words "Authorized only for legal advice and representation of Jews” to his company stamp.

In the course of the pogrom night of November 9/10, 1938, beside others wealthy Jews were also specifically interned in concentration camps; those from Hamburg were sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Herbert Samson was imprisoned there from November 9/10 to November 22, 1938, as prisoner 8548 in Block 20. Immediately after his release, he tried to bring his family to safety. In December 1938, his ten-year-old son Werner was sent to Great Britain on a Kindertransport. The rest of the family continued to hope for a visa to the United States. The cultural tax file of the Jewish community of Hamburg already contained the note "March 39 U.S.A.”, but the departure there did not take place.

In April 1939, Herbert Samson emigrated with his wife and four-year-old daughter, as well as some of their household goods, to the Netherlands, for which no visa was required at that time. His father-in-law, Gustav Hochfeld (whose company, Giulio Hochfeld OHG, had been taken over by Wilhelm Schlüter on February 15, 1938), also moved there in April 1939, having left for Messina, Italy, with his wife and daughter Ursula in November 1938. The now "Aryanized” furniture transport company Berthold Jacoby (owner Paul Meier) was commissioned to pack the removal goods and transport them to Rotterdam. Beforehand, customs investigation officers had checked the transport lists against the items in the house. Some silver items had been listed, packed, and sealed by jeweler Clasen (Kleine Johannisstraße 2) – this was the only way these items could be exported in return for payment of a duty. Jewelry and other silver items had to be handed in to the "public purchasing office,” for which a credit of 99 RM was made to Herbert Samson's blocked account. For an oil painting (harbor motif by Lukas), nine watercolors (including six by Feirl), and four etchings, Willy Habl (born 1888, member of the NSDAP since 1933), that the paintings were "not to be classified as high-value German cultural assets.” However, Herbert Samson had previously had to pay the Nazi state 9,750 RM in "Jewish property tax” and 2,600 RM in "Dego tax” for taking his property abroad. However, the Samson family's actual destination remained the United States of America.

In August or September 1939, the father sent his son by ship to the Netherlands, thus reuniting the family at this stage of their exile.

At the same time as making his own preparations for departure, Herbert Samson also arranged for his mother to emigrate to Havana, Cuba. Her younger son, Ernst (Ernesto) Samson (born July 3, 1920, in Hamburg), an export merchant, had been living there since the late 1920s. The items to be taken with them were inspected at the apartment at Sierichstraße 102 by customs secretary Marquardt, who wrote the necessary report. The clothing purchased for the departure (summer suit 75 RM, summer coat 29 RM, evening gown 98 RM) was subject to punitive taxes (Dego) equal to the purchase price. She managed to leave the country at the end of March 1939. Her belongings followed four weeks later in a container. Persecution as a Jew in Germany and uprooting in a foreign country caused her to suffer from severe depression – she attempted suicide but failed. After the Cuban Revolution and the military intervention by the USA, the now 86-year-old emigrated to Miami in October 1961, where she died in 1967.

After Herbert Samson's emigration, Edgar Haas arranged, among other things, payments from his frozen assets to family members who had remained in Germany: to Hermann Epstein, the father-in-law of Uncle Bernhard Samson, to Siegfried Hochfeld (born February 12, 1873, in Lemgo), the Munich uncle of his wife, and to Elsa Hochfeld, née Wassermann (born March 24, 1880, in Neu-Ulm), the Munich aunt of his wife.

For his stay in the Netherlands, estimated to last several weeks or a few months, Herbert Samson chose The Hague, the seat of government, located close to the port city of Rotterdam and the seat of the US Embassy. His parents-in-law had also been living there since April 1939. From June 1939 to December 1940, the Samson family lived at Zijdelaan 25 in The Hague. Other German refugees also lived in the house, including the merchant Hermann Stern (born April 21, 1881, in Gelsenkirchen), who had left Essen in March 1938 with a passport issued six months earlier. The two-story house with a pointed roof, built of red clinker brick, had been constructed on Zijdelaan in 1929. For the Samson family, it was their second address in exile in the Netherlands; they had previously lived at 32 van Alkemadelaan for six weeks.

His father-in-law, Gustav Hochfeld (1876-1948), founded the Giulio Hochfeld company in Rotterdam together with his nephew Kurt Hochfeld (born July 2, 1900, in Lemgo) and Herbert Samson. He had been denied this opportunity in Italy, which is why he had emigrated to the Netherlands. For the three company owners, however, the Netherlands was only a stopover on their way to the USA. Gustav Hochfeld already had the necessary papers, but these were burned in the US consulate in Rotterdam during the bombing of the city in May 1940; he did, however, manage to obtain Palestine certificates for emigration.

Nevertheless, their financial situation deteriorated rapidly. On April 19, 1940, attorney Haas wrote to the relevant German authorities: "Dr. Samson writes to me that the outbreak of war has made conditions in Holland even more difficult. He himself does not have much money; his father-in-law is already so strained by the poor state of business that he cannot continue to advance funds." On April 1, 1940, shortly before the German occupation of the Netherlands in May 1940, Herbert Samson's wife and daughter received an ”immigration visa" for the United States in Rotterdam. They traveled to England and left Liverpool in May 1940 on the steamship Britannic, bound for New York. From there, they continued by train to Seattle.

Herbert Samson and his son waited in vain in The Hague for a US visa. In December 1940, they were ordered by the German authorities to leave The Hague and move to Ermelo or Nunspeet in the east of the Netherlands. About 7 km from Ermelo and about 11 km from Nunspeet was the school for 12-year-old Werner Samson: the Hogere Burgerschool (HBS) in Harderwijk. The Hochfeld parents-in-law also had to move to Nunspeet, where they found accommodation at Harderwijkerweg 5.

In September 1940, Herbert Samson negotiated with attorney Haas regarding travel expenses to be paid from his money remaining in Germany: "As representative of Dr. Samson, I respectfully inform you that he is still in Holland with his young son. He intends to travel on to the U.S.A. via Russia; the visa will be issued shortly. He would like to pay the amounts payable in Reichsmarks, i.e., the route from the Dutch border to Japan, from his blocked account." This request was denied. In April 1941, Attorney Haas succeeded in having school and university certificates from the personnel file at the Hamburg Justice Administration sent to Holland.

From January 1941, the German occupation government under Reich Commissioner Seyß-Inquart registered Jewish citizens using detailed registration forms. From 1942, the deportations of Jews from the provinces began. In April 1942, Herbert Samson therefore moved with his son to Amsterdam, to Zuider Amstellaan 89, 3rd floor (from 1946 Rooseveltlaan 89) in the Scheldebuurt district. They probably lived there with Heinrich Martin Heilbut (born May 28, 1891, in Hamburg) and his family.

Heilbut, an independent currency and fund broker, had already traveled to Amsterdam in April 1933, with his wife and sons following in September 1933. From 1935 onwards, they lived at Zuider Amstellaan 89, third floor. The 1939/1940 Amsterdam address book also listed H. M. Heilbut at this address. He was the brother-in-law of Hamburg lawyer Henry Minden, who had presumably established the contact. Heilbut and Minden knew each other from the Johanneum secondary school – Minden used to refer to Heilbut as "my best friend.” Heinrich M. Heilbut and his son Walter were temporarily exempted from internment and deportation by the Amsterdam Jewish Council (Joodse Raad) because of their duties in the Jewish community. Many emigrants were forced to flee to the big city, and so the number of Jewish residents in Amsterdam rose from around 80,000 to around 100,000 in 1942. The prospect of finding work or receiving support in a big city seemed greater than in a small community.

From September 1, 1941, the German occupying forces prohibited Jewish and non-Jewish children from attending school together. Werner Samson attended the Joods Lyceum in Amsterdam. This secondary school in the Jodenbuurt district had been newly established for Jewish students and existed only from September 1941 to September 1943. The exclusion of Jews was driven forward with ever new regulations. Since the summer of 1941, Jews had been banned from entering public places. From May 1942, Jews in the occupied Netherlands were also required to wear the Star of David on their clothing. In addition, from June 1942, Jews were subject to a curfew from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m.

On December 19, 1942, Herbert Samson and his son were arrested and interned in the transit camp Westerbork, not far from the German border, which had been under SS control since July 1942. In January 1944, they were deported from the occupied Netherlands back to the German Reich to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where the Jewish prisoners were admitted on February 1, 1944. Herbert Samson was given prisoner number 2656, his son Werner number 2664 in the "star camp.” The inmates had to wear the Jewish star on their civilian clothing and were forced to perform exhausting labor while receiving poor nutrition.

Their parents-in-law, Gustav Hochfeld and Gertrud Hochfeld, née Simonsohn, were also deported to Bergen-Belsen at the same time. They arrived on February 1, 1944, and were also assigned to the "star camp,” where they wore their civilian clothes with a yellow star instead of the striped prisoner uniforms. According to the mother-in-law, their health was permanently damaged here "by unhygienic conditions in the camp and the refusal or neglect of medical treatment.” His parents-in-law were able to leave the camp on June 29, 1944, on an exchange transport ("Transport 222”) to Palestine. They were exchanged for German Templers who were interned in Palestine. Gustav and Gertrud Hochfeld arrived in Haifa on July 10, 1944.
Herbert Samson died of starvation and exhaustion in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp on January 5, 1945; the official cause of death was given as "heart failure.”

His son was "evacuated” from the camp by train on April 10, 1945, ahead of the advancing British troops. On April 15, 1945, the camp was liberated. On April 23, 1945, Werner Samson was liberated by units of the Red Army in very poor health from the transport train (which was called the "lost train” because it did not reach Theresienstadt and instead wandered around for two weeks) near Tröbitz near Frankfurt (Oder).

Werner Samson emigrated to the USA in November 1946.

On May 1, 1945, Herbert Hochfeld wrote from London on behalf of Ilse Samson to the "Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force (Main), A.P.O. 757, U.S. Army” requesting information on the whereabouts of Herbert and Werner Samson. At that time, the unit contacted could only provide approximate (and incorrect) information: "The last report we had from them is dated December last.” The request was therefore forwarded to "Headquarters 21 Army Group” for more detailed investigation. Their research revealed on June 4, 1945: "Our Search Officer in Belsen reports that both left this camp around March 25, 1945, not for Frankfurt/Oder; destination unknown.”

In 1979, his wife's cousin, Elisabeth Levy, née Hochfeld, created a memorial page ("Page of Testimony”) for him at the Israeli memorial site Yad Vashem.

In March 2005, a Stolperstein was laid for Herbert Samson at Sierichstraße 102 in Hamburg.


Translator: Erwin Fink/Additions Beate Meyer
Kindly supported by the Hermann Reemtsma Stiftung, Hamburg.
Stand: October 2025
© Björn Eggert

Quellen: Staatsarchiv Hamburg (StaH) 231-7 (Handelsregister), A 1 Bd. 27 (A 6783, Samson Gebrüder); StaH 231-7 (Handelsregister), A 3 Bd. 53 (C 3846, Aluminium Kokillen-Guss GmbH); StaH 241-2 (Justizverwaltung Personalakten), A 1820 (Herbert Samson); StaH 221-11 (Entnazifizierung), Misc 10743 (Willy Habl); StaH 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident), F 2074 (Auswandererakte Herbert Samson); StaH 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident), FVg 3946 (Auswandererakte Johanna Samson); StaH 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident), F 1086 (Auswandererakte Gustav u. Gertrud Hochfeld); StaH 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident), F 1755 (Dr. Henry Minden); StaH 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident), R 1938/3356 (Vermögenssperre Herbert u. Ilse Samson); StaH 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident), F 920 (Dr. Ludwig Hecht u. Hilde Hecht geb. Goldschmidt); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 9143 u. 659/1898 (Geburtsregister 1898, Siegfried Herbert Samson); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8097 u. 392/1929 (Sterberegister 1929, Abraham genannt Adolf Samson); StaH 332-7 (Staatsangehörigkeitsaufsicht), A I e 40 Bd. 40 (Bürgerregister 1896-1898 L-Z, Abraham Samson, 15.4.1898 Bürgerrecht Nr. L 901); StaH 332-8 (Meldewesen), Alte Einwohnermeldekartei 1892-1925, Ilse Sophie Hochfeld; StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 21267 (Herbert Samson); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 48944 (Werner Samson); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 2838 (Johanna Samson); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 8319 (Gertrud Hochfeld geb. Simonsohn); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 916 (Robert Heinrich Heilbut); StaH 364-5 I (Hamburgische Universität I), 0 30.05.153 (Freie Wissenschaftliche Vereinigung); StaH 522-1 (Jüdische Gemeinden), 992b (Kultussteuerkartei der Deutsch-Israelitischen Gemeinde Hamburg), Herbert Samson, Ernst Samson, Martha Samson, Gustav Hochfeld, Heinrich M. Heilbut; Bundesarchiv Berlin, R 1509 (Reichssippenamt), Volks-, Berufs-, u. Betriebszählung am 17. Mai 1939 (Siegfried Hochfeld, München, Ohmstr. 20 EG links; Elsa Hochfeld geb. Wassermann, München, Ohmstr. 20 EG links; Hermann Stern, Essen, ohne Straßenangabe u. Datum; Dr. Heinz Gutmann, Berlin-Schöneberg, Hohenstaufenstr. 50); Gedenkstätte und Museum Sachsenhausen, Archiv (Herbert Siegfried Samson); Gedenkstätte Bergen-Belsen (E-Mail vom 13.3.2007 und 13.10.2025); Arolsen Archives (Dokumente zur Suche nach Herbert Samson, 1945/46; niederländische Karteikarten von Heinrich M. Heilbut u. Walter Heinrich Heilbut); Yad Vashem, Page of Testimony (Herbert Samson); Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden, Heiratsregister Frankfurt/ Main 1897 (Abraham genannt Adolf Samson u. Johanna Bauer); Stadsarchief Amsterdam (Indexen, nachträglich erstellte Einwohnermeldekarte für Siegfried Herbert Samson u. Heinrich Martin Heilbut); Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Adresboeken Amsterdam 1939-1940 (S. 1545, Amstellaan, Zuider, 89); Archief Gooi en Vechtstreek (Indexen von Hilversum, nachträglich erstellte Einwohnermeldekarte für Hermann Stern); Handelskammer Hamburg, Handelsregisterinformationen (Giulio Hochfeld, HR A 4962); Hamburger Börsenfirmen 1910/11, S. 565 (Samson Gebrüder, gegr. 1891, Inhaber M. u. A. Samson, Freihafen Hamburg Pickhuben 9, Niederlassung in London E.C.: Samson Brothers, No. 9 Water Lane); Hamburger Börsenfirmen 1926, S. 22 (Aluminium Kokillen-Guss GmbH, gegr. 1921, Geschäftsführer Martin Samson, Prokurist Ad. Samson, Pickhuben 9), S. 892 (Samson Gebrüder, gegr. 1891, Inhaber M. u. A. Samson, Im- u. Export, Freihafen Hamburg Pickhuben 9); Hamburger Börsenfirmen 1935, S. 378 (Giulio Hochfeld, gegr. 1904, Im- u. Export von Südfrüchten, Inhaber Willy und Gustav Hochfeld, Fruchthof Oberhafenstr. 5); Adressbuch Hamburg 1898, 1926, 1932, 1936 (Samson); Amtliche Fernsprechbücher Hamburg 1924–1926, 1928, 1935, 1937 (Samson); Adressbuch Hamburg (Emil Fahrenheim, Dammtorstr.29) 1924, 1926, 1928; Adressbuch Hamburg (A. & M. Heilbut, Wechsel- u. Fondsmakler, Inhaber Martin M. Heilbut u. Heinrich M. Heilbut, Königstr. 7/9) 1930; Franz Bömer (Hrsg.), Wilhelm Gymnasium Hamburg 1881-1956, Hamburg 1956, S. 121 (Herbert Samson); Michael Buchholz/ Manfred Voigts (Hrsg.), Einigkeit, Recht, Freiheit. Die liberale Studentenkorporation Freie Wissenschaftliche Vereinigung (1881-1933). Eine Textedition, Würzburg 2022, S 37, 263 (Herbert Samson); Björn Eggert, Dr. Herbert Samson, in: Ulrike Sparr, Stolpersteine in Hamburg-Winterhude. Biografische Spurensuche, Hamburg 2008, S. 229-231; Heiko Morisse, Jüdische Rechtsanwälte in Hamburg. Ausgrenzung und Verfolgung im NS-Staat, Hamburg 2003, S. 132 (Edgar Haas), 133 (Ludwig Hecht), 141 (Hans Levien), 147 (Henry Minden), 155 (Herbert Samson), 168 (Manfred Zadik); Ulrike Puvogel, Martin Stankowski, Gedenkstätten für die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus, Band I, Bonn 1995, S. 383 (Bergen-Belsen); Manfred Voigts (Hrsg.), Freie Wissenschaftliche Vereinigung. Eine Berliner anti-antisemitische Studentenorganisation stellt sich vor – 1908 und 1931, Potsdam 2008, S. 155 (Herbert Samson); Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Herbert Samson, Der Kommissionsagent (Doktorarbeit mit Lebenslauf), 1921; Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Hans Levin, Die Stellung der Ehrenstrafen im modernen Strafsystem (Doktorarbeit mit Lebenslauf), 1922; Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Ludwig Hecht, Die Prozeßführung des nicht rechtsfähigen Vereins (Doktorarbeit), 1929; www.joodsmonument.nl (Siegfried Herbert Samson, Hermann Stern, Ernst de Haas, Heinrich Martin Heilbut, eingesehen am 8.2.2007, 23.5.2024 u. 29.6.2024); https://oorlogsbronnen.nl (Karteikarten mit Wohnungsadressen von Herbert Samson u. Gustav Hochfeld in den Niederlanden); https://www.annefrank.org/de/timeline/219/fur-juden-verboten/ (antijüdische Maßnahmen in den Niederlanden 4.1941-9.1942); www.ancestry.de (Passagierliste der "S. S. M. V. Britannic", eingesehen am 22.9.2007); www.geni.com (Gustav Hochfeld, Ilse Samson/Hochfeld, Herbert Siegfried Samson, eingesehen 9.5.2024); www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de (Martha Samson, Kurt Hochfeld, Hermann Epstein, Ernst de Haas, Heinrich M. Heilbut).