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Mitglieder des Kindercomité, einer Widerstandsgruppe in Utrecht, die jüdischen Kindern Unterschlupf gewährte, bei der Hochzeitsfeier von Geert Lubberhuizen; von links nach rechts Titie Timmenga, Annie de Waard, Dr. Ger Kempe, Manfred Lewinsohn, Olga Hudig
© 600729 / Sammlung Het Utrechts Archief

Manfred Lewinsohn * 1912

Grindelhof 64 (Eimsbüttel, Rotherbaum)

HIER WOHNTE
MANFRED LEWINSOHN
JG. 1912
FLUCHT 1933 HOLLAND
IM WIDERSTAND / UTRECHT
INTERNIERT WESTERBORK
DEPORTIERT AUSCHWITZ
1945 KZ BUCHENWALD
ERMORDET 13.3.1945

further stumbling stones in Grindelhof 64:
Ernst Reinhold Ascher, Nanni Ascher, Chana Ascher, Carl Cohn, Carmen Cohn, Hans Cohn, Julius Cohn, Gertrud Ehrenberg, Inge Ehrenberg, Lotte Ehrenberg, Blanka Ehrenberg, Richard Lewinsohn, Max Renner

Manfred Lewinsohn, born on 19.2.1912 in Hamburg, fled to the Netherlands in 1933, arrested on 1.8.1944 and interned at Camp Vught/Hertogenbosch, interned on 2.9.1944 at Westerbork collection camp, deported to Auschwitz concentration camp on 3.9.1944, deported on via Groß-Rosen to Buchenwald concentration camp on 7.3.1945, perished on 13 March 1945

Richard Lewinsohn, born on 16.2.1915 in Hamburg, fled to the Netherlands in 1933, arrested and interned on 7.8.1942 in the Westerbork collection camp, deported to Auschwitz concentration camp on the same day, murdered on 30.9.1942

Grindelhof 64 (Eimsbüttel, Rotherbaum)

Manfred Lewinsohn and his brother Richard Lewinsohn, who was three years younger, were the sons of Moses and Nanette Lewinsohn.

Their father Moses Lewinsohn, born on October 6, 1885, came from Suwalki/Poland, a town with changing national affiliations as a result of various annexations by neighboring powers, at that time officially part of the Russian Tsarist Empire. As the son of the leather manufacturer Hirsch Zvi Mowschowicz Lewinsohn and Basche-Lea, also Batya, née Chludniewicz, he grew up there with seven younger siblings: Menachem, born in 1889, Dyna, born on June 20, 1891, Rachel, Sonia, Ania, Markus Mordechai, Mania and Mirjam, born on January 10, 1904.

Moses Lewinsohn attended the Jewish grammar school in Suwalki from 1891 to 1902. He then joined his father's company and trained as a tanner.

In 1905, he moved to Hamburg as an "agent" (representative) for hides and skins. He worked for S. Samuel at Admiralitätsstraße 66, for Jakob Drucker at Hopfenmarkt 6 and in Altona for Heine & Fleischmann at Bachstraße 40 as well as for Jaks Schranck at Heinrichstraße 26.

In 1908 he founded a banking and lottery business. As a religious Jew, he had been a member of the Jewish Community of Hamburg since January 26, 1910. During this time, he ran an agency and commission business at Carolinenstraße 25 and married Nanette, née Koschland, born on January 25, 1893, the daughter of the Jewish couple Peppi, née Gerstle, and Leopold Koschland, a garment maker from Ichenhausen in the Günzburg district, on May 29, 1911 (a garment maker used to be someone who mass-produced clothing).

The following year, their first son Manfred was born on February 19, 1912. Around this time, in 1913, Moses Lewinsohn ran a trading business with hides and skins at Dillstraße 1. When their second son Richard was born on February 16, 1915, during the First World War, his father had moved his business with raw products to Grindelhof 64. Three years later, on September 5, 1918, daughter Margot was also born in Hamburg.

Father Moses Lewinsohn set up his own banking business and opened a bank under his name with 15 employees at Hermannstraße 8 in 1920, when the German economy was struggling with a sharp rise in inflation.

His father Moses Lewinsohn built up an independent banking business and opened a bank with 15 employees under his name at Hermannstraße 8 in 1920, when the German economy was struggling with a sharp rise in inflation. Willy Sänger, who returned from captivity as a prisoner of war at the end of 1919, had also worked in Moses Lewinsohn's banking business (for a biography, see www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de).

On 6 October 1920, Moses Lewinsohn submitted his first application for naturalization in Hamburg. At this time, the family lived with their maid in a 5-room apartment with kitchen at Grindelhof 64, first floor. He estimated his assets, which were partly invested in his businesses and his bank, at 700.000 to 800.000 marks. For the year 1919, his taxable income amounted to 100.000 marks. His wife had brought assets of 15.000 marks into the marriage. He was prepared to pay 5.000 marks in fees.

On January 28, 1921, the Hamburg Chief of Police, who was prejudiced, wanted to "recommend [...] in agreement with the Chamber of Commerce that a wait-and-see attitude be adopted towards the application for the time being and that the further development of the company, which was only founded in 1919, be awaited. The applicant, however, has no criminal record, has lived here for many years and is married to a German woman. However, although he did not have a commercial background, but trained as a tanner, he runs a banking business, which is naturally subject to fluctuations. Caution should therefore appear all the more necessary as he is a foreign national of the Eastern states..."

According to the new Reich and Nationality Act of 22 July 1913, which was still in force in the Weimar Republic, naturalization continued to take place in a state such as Hamburg, but was only possible if none of the other 18 states objected. Through the mediation of the Minister of the Interior, each state sent the others a monthly list of those people whose naturalization had not already been directly rejected in the applicant's state. So Moses Lewinsohn's name was on this circulating list. At the end of December 1920, the Würtemberg Ministry of the Interior took a rather negative stance against him as an applicant as well as against nine other applicants - for the following reasons: "...In all cases, we are dealing with foreigners of non-German descent, for whom it appears doubtful whether they would be a valuable addition to the population in terms of civic, cultural and economic insight if they were naturalized."

At the same time, the Reich Ministry of the Interior in Berlin also opposed the naturalization of Moses Lewinsohn and two other persons: "The aforementioned are foreigners of foreign descent who were born abroad and who offer no guarantee that their naturalization is in line with the German interest, either through a longer period of residence or through other facts. The assertion of further objections within the statutory period remains reserved."
Result: Moses Lewinsohn's first application was rejected on February 4, 1921.

He tried a second time on November 26, 1923 - in the interests of his German-born wife and three children born in Hamburg. Now, together with his brother Markus, who lived in Warsaw, he was able to present a property, a house in Berlin mortgaged at 300.000 marks. His assets, which he estimated at 2-3.000 English pounds, were in his business and partly in the Warburg banking business. In 1922, he had a taxable income of 50-60 million. His annual rent for the apartment at Grindelhof 64 amounted to 1,100 marks. He also referred to his second brother Mendel, living in Suwalki/ then Second Polish Republic, and a sister who was married to a Hamburg citizen. He was referring to Dyna Cohn, née Lewinsohn, born on June 20, 1891 in Suwalki, then part of the Russian Tsarist Empire, later belonging to the Second Polish Republic from 1919. She had come to Hamburg and married Bernhard Cohn, an authorized signatory born and resident in Hamburg, on September 5, 1922.

The inquiry made by the police authorities to the Chamber of Commerce in Hamburg in 1923 did not prove helpful for Moses Lewinsohn. Although the Chamber of Commerce stated that, according to the inquiries made, nothing detrimental was known about the banker Moses Lewinsohn, it then went on to say: "However, nothing further could be learned about the financial situation in specialist circles; the financial situation was described as not transparent. Under these circumstances, the Chamber of Commerce cannot support the application and advises waiting to see how the company develops."

Lewinsohn's name was once again on the list, which was sent to the federal states on February 12, 1924. Once again, the feedback was full of prejudice against Eastern Jews. From Bavaria it read: "Those named are all foreign-born Easterners. None of them has fulfilled the requirement of 20 years' residence in Germany, which must generally be adhered to here for members of Eastern states foreign to their culture. No special reasons for exceptional treatment have been put forward."

In Lübeck on April 12, 1924, the Senate Commission for Imperial and Foreign Affairs raised "reservations" against Moses Lewinsohn, Owadin Baumwall and Adolf Königsbuch on racial grounds: "In these cases, we are dealing with nationals of countries with a culture that is not equivalent to or completely foreign to German culture, who, despite their many years of residence in Germany, do not represent a valuable addition to the population. In addition, the reasons for all applications are completely missing."

The reply from the Senate Commission for Imperial and Foreign Affairs in Bremen dated April 4, 1924, referred to paragraph 9 of the Reich and Citizenship Act with regard to their "concerns" about Moses Lewinsohn and two other applicants: "The aforementioned persons, including Höfling and Stopper, who are in fact of Israelite and not German nationality as erroneously stated, belong to foreign-born and culturally alien nations. In the interests of population policy, a longer probationary period must be demanded for such persons than is otherwise provided for foreigners. Consequently, the requirement of 20 years' residence in the country is maintained, unless there are special facts in favour of earlier naturalization. We are unable to ascertain such facts from the applications."
On 21 May 1924, Moses Lewinsohn's application for naturalization of 23 November 1923 was rejected by the Hamburg Police Headquarters.

In the meantime, Moses Lewinsohn had become the owner of three large properties, a house in Altona, Schauenburgerstraße 137 (now Schomburgstraße), and two houses in Berlin, Berlin-West at Apostelkirche 14 and Berlin-East, Krausnickstraße 2.

He continued to live with his wife and three children in the 5-room apartment at Grindelhof 64, 1st floor. Manfred attended the Jewish Talmud Tora School, which was only a few steps away from his home, and Richard Lewinsohn also started school there in 1921 at the age of six.
Manfred is listed in the class lists of 1924, class III a, and 1926 /27, class II b1, together with Manfred Menco (see www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de) and other pupils who later also became victims of the Shoah, including Paul Cohen and Alfred Stoppelmann in Amsterdam.

At the age of 16, Manfred completed his school education with a high school diploma at the Talmud Tora School. On April 1, 1928, he began a commercial apprenticeship with the company Schönberg & Schaufeld.

Also in 1928, father Moses Lewinsohn was confirmed by the Reichsbank Head Office as an officially licensed foreign exchange trader, making him one of the few private bankers in Hamburg authorized to buy and trade in foreign currencies. He was admitted to the Hamburg Stock Exchange, was the main collector of the Hamburg State Lottery and purchased 50-100 lottery tickets.

In 1929, Moses Lewinsohn made a new and this time successful attempt to acquire Hamburg citizenship. Together with him, his wife and children, Manfred, Richard and Margot, also became Hamburg citizens.

Manfred was completing his apprenticeship at Schönberg & Schaufeld at the time and then became an employee there and worked as a self-employed buyer. Sister Margot attended the Jewish Girls' High School at Bieberstraße 4, where she had started school at the age of six, until it was closed in 1931, after which she continued her education at the Jewish Girls' School at Carolinenstraße 35.

Richard Lewinsohn graduated from the Talmud Tora Realschule with a secondary school certificate. On April 1, 1930, he began his apprenticeship at the dental technician company Franz Lautner, Esplanade 46, IV. floor. As an official apprenticeship in the dental technician trade was not yet possible at that time, he completed his training without an apprenticeship contract.

His father Moses Lewinsohn continued to run his banking business, but faced increasing National Socialist persecution and was eventually forced to give up. He made the plan to leave Germany with his family. Before doing so, they had to give up their apartment at Grindelhof 64, where they had lived for 18 years. They then lived for a short time at Grindelhof 71/73 and finally they were all able to find accommodation with Jacobsen at Schlüterstraße 63.

When the National Socialists' public call for a boycott of Jewish businesses startled them, the entire Lewinsohn family fled to the Netherlands on March 31, 1933, one day before the official start of this campaign. They initially lived with the Leeuwin family in Scheveningen, Gentschestraat 36, before moving to The Hague, Stationsweg 36, at the end of 1933.

The related family Ernst and Henny Löbl, née Koschland, mother Nanette's sister, who had lived not far from them in Hamburg at Rutschbahn 37, first floor, also fled to the Netherlands. Both families remained in close contact there. Father Moses Lewinsohn tried to make a living for himself and the family with a travel agency and a bureau de change. Margot was unable to attend school in Holland as she did not speak the local language. She supported her father in the business and received private tuition during this time.

In October 1935, the family had to make a difficult decision. The parents Moses and Nanette Lewinsohn emigrated to Palestine with their daughter, sister Margot. Manfred and Richard remained in the Netherlands. They had a close relationship with their cousin Julius Löbl and together they continued to see the possibility of building up an existence in their exile country.

Manfred was able to find employment at Leeuwin's Servizenhuis, initially receiving an apprentice's salary of hfl. 10 due to his lack of knowledge of the industry. In Hamburg, his job had been permanently terminated, but the company had kept it open for him as an unpaid position until August 1936, as he had initially intended to return to Germany.

In the years that followed, he worked his way up to a managerial position in Amsterdam until the start of the war, as long as Jews were allowed to work. He had fallen in love with Frederika Roet, born on October 12, 1908, who was four years younger than him. She was the daughter of Naatje, née Vos, born 31.12.1872, and the merchant Abraham Roet, born on 15.4.1871. Her parents, who had already died in 1918 and 1913, came from Amsterdam, as did her siblings, Rachel, born on 23.11.1902. born on 23.11.1902, Kaatje, born on 12.2.1907, and Joel, born on 9.5.1912. Frederika was named after her sister Frederika, who was born on May 20, 1905 and died on January 27, 1907.

Frederika and Manfred married on July 7, 1938 in Utrecht. However, their happiness together was short-lived. Frederika died just seven weeks later in Utrecht on August 25, 1938 at the age of 29. The obituary in the "Nieuw Israëlietisch Weekblad" states that the funeral will take place on Sunday at 11 a.m. at the Portugees-Israëlische Ziekenhuis (hospital), Plantage Franschelaan, Amsterdam.

Richard Lewinsohn was initially unemployed in Holland. It was not until October 1935 that he was able to return to his work as a dental technician and worked for Dr. Koopmann in Scheveningen, initially on a low salary, but then he received enough to cover his living expenses and was able to send support to his parents in Palestine. The hope of escaping persecution was not fulfilled for the brothers. After the invasion of the German Wehrmacht on May 10, 1940, the conditions for the Jews in the Netherlands were similar to those in the German Reich.

Manfred and Richard Lewinsohn were actively involved in a resistance group in Utrecht, the "Utrechts Kindercomité". The Children's Committee was founded in the summer of 1942 by Jan Meulenbelt and Rut Matthijsen. With the help of this organization and a group of students from Amsterdam, hundreds of Jewish children were rescued. Jewish children who had initially been rounded up with their parents in the "Hollandsche Schouburg" (theater) for deportation to the Westerbork transit camp and subsequent deportation to the concentration camps were housed in the kindergarten opposite on the Middenlaan plantation. By manipulating the lists intended for the Jewish Council, carried out by Walter Süskind, the Jewish director of the kindergarten Henriette Henriques Pimentel and the economist Felix Halverstad, they were able to help at least 400 Jewish children to disappear. They were hidden all over the country, and some adults were also involved. Manfred Lewinsohn was one of the core members of the children's committee group. He can be seen at Geert Lubberhuizen's wedding party with other members: from left Titie Timmenga, Annie de Waard, Dr. Ger Kempe, Manfred Lewinsohn, Olga Hudig, Rut Matthijsen, Dora Mathijssen, Ankie Stork, presumably Ewoud Storm van 's-Gravesande and Mr. and Mrs. Vink.

In order to be able to find the children again, the administration was housed in the Roman Catholic Archbishop's Palace of Archbishop Johannes de Jong in the Maliebaan in Utrecht.
The group worked very covertly and carefully, everything was only communicated orally. It was only after the war that the names were published by contemporary witnesses.

In Utrecht, Richard lived at Jansstraat 21 from February 1941, and from July 20, 1942 he returned to Amsterdam at Nieuwe Kerkstraat 111 II. He had given his profession as dental technician. From May 2, 1942, both brothers were forced to wear the "Jewish star".

On August 7, 1942, Richard Lewinsohn was arrested in Amsterdam (zonder oproeping! - without verification) and interned in the Westerbork transit camp. He was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where he was murdered on September 30, 1942.

Manfred Lewinsohn was arrested in Utrecht on August 1, 1944, interned in the Vught-Hertogenbosch camp, deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp via the Westerbork transit camp on September 3, 1944, deportedvia Groß-Rosen to the Buchenwald concentration camp on March 7, 1945 and murdered there on March 13, 1945.

On the Joods Monument in Utrecht in front of the Spoorwegmuseum, the former deportation site of Maliebaanstation to Westerbork, which was inaugurated on October 29, 2015, their names are engraved in stone with their dates of birth and death.

Rachel Roet, the sister of Manfred's deceased wife, was also a victim of the Shoah. She had worked as a childminder at the Nederlands-Israëlitisch Meisjesweeshuis, an orphanage for Jewish girls built in 1861 at Rapenburgerstraat 171 in Amsterdam. There, girls received an orthodox education and lessons in housekeeping in accordance with the motto "Mangasiem Toviem Magadle Jethomoth" (The education of orphan girls is one of the good works), which was displayed on the building, training in working as a maid or seamstress, and from around 1930 also as a nurse, secretary or teacher. On February 10, 1943, 63 girls aged 6 and over and 7 chaperones were taken from there to Westerbork, deported to the extermination camps and murdered, including Rachel Roet, who was 40 years old and murdered in Sobibor on March 5, 1943.

The brothers' parents in Israel suffered greatly from the loss of their sons. In addition, they had been struggling with cardiovascular disorders since their emigration and Nanette Lewinsohn also suffered from impaired vision. They were under constant treatment by Dr. Zadik, Haifa, Mt. Carmel.

Moses Lewinsohn had first founded a travel agency and a bureau de change in Haifa, then a perfumery and leather goods store, named after his daughter "Margot", who helped him with his work there. Margot married Jacob Hirschkorn in Haifa in 1941, who then took over the management of the store. Moses Lewinsohn died on January 8, 1969 at the age of 83, Nanette Lewinsohn, née Koschland, in 1980 at the age of 86, both in Haifa/Israel.


The lives and fates of the other relatives from Hamburg

The brothers' aunt Dyna Cohn, née Lewinsohn, had attended grammar school in Suwalki, studied chemistry in Odessa for three years and, after the First World War and the subsequent political upheavals, arrived in Hamburg in 1920 by a circuitous route. Until her marriage in 1922 to Bernhard Cohn, born on September 23, 1889 in Hamburg, she had worked in the banking industry, presumably for her brother Moses Lewinsohn.

On his father's side, her husband came from a long-established Hamburg or Altona family. Bernhard Cohn's father, the merchant Hertz Ruben (Naphtali) Cohn, born on 17 Nov. 1831 in Hamburg, had already died on 26 Apr. 1917 and had found his final resting place in the Ottensen Jewish Cemetery, as had his first wife Rosette, née Auerhan, born 1830 in Kurhessen, who died on 27 July 1881, and his great-grandfather Simon, who had married him in Hamburg in 1857, whom he had married in Hamburg in 1857, and his great-grandfather Simon Moses Cohn, who died on 12.11.1872 in Hamburg. The exact burial place of his grandfather, Rabbi Ruben Simon Cohn, born in 1798 and deceased on August 27, 1874 in Hamburg, has not yet been determined.

Today, the Mercado shopping center is located above these graves in the Ottensen cemetery of the High German Jewish Community of Altona. During the construction work from 1992-1995, a rabbi was present to ensure that the religious rules were observed. The originally planned underground parking garage was dispensed with on the basis of a religious opinion by the Jerusalem Chief Rabbi Itzchak Kolitz. Today, there are memorial plaques at the staircase entrance to the basement with the 4.500 names of those once buried there - including the names of Berhard Cohn's father, his first wife and his great-grandfather.

On his father's side, Bernhard Cohn could look back on a very long family tree in Altona in the line of his great-grandmother Zippora Cohn Glogau, née Fürst. At the oldest Jewish cemetery in Altona, Königsstraße, in the Askenazi section, their gravestones bear witness: his great-great-grandfather Herz Ruben Fürst, deceased on 15.5.1801 in Altona, grave location Planquadrat MC, 4761; the great-great-great-grandparents Ruben Moses Fürst, deceased on 1.12.1764 in Altona, grave site Planquadrat CK, 395, and Fradche Fürst (Goldschmidt), deceased on 4.5.1771 in Altona, grave site Planquadrat HK; the great-great-great-great-grandmother Sarah Fürst, deceased on 18.12.1739 in Altona, grave site Planquadrat Ei, 1121; the great-great-great-great-great-grandparents Zippora Loeb Fuerst (Hameln-Goldschmidt) on 10.3.1722 in Altona, grave site Planquadrat EL, and Jeremias Chaim Fuerst, deceased on 2.12.1703 in Altona, grave site Planquadrat EL/FL, 2208; as well as the great-great-great-great-great-great-grandparents Sara Fürst, née Abraham, deceased on 1.9.1666 in Altona, gravesite square GO/GP, 3333, and Chaim Heinrich Ruben Fuerst, deceased on 28.5.1653 in Altona, gravesite square GP, 3335.

On April 8, 1924, Dyna and Bernhard Cohn were happy about the birth of their daughter Renate. The family lived near her brother at Rappstraße 24, III.
Bernhard Cohn's mother Johanna, née Ehrmann, born on 27.4.1831 in Mittelstadt/Darmstadt, Hessen, died on 24.4.1931 in Hamburg and was buried in the Langenfelde Jewish Cemetery, grave location 211a.

The family of his aunt Dyna Cohn, née Lewinson, also intended to escape persecution by emigrating. In his last years in Hamburg, Bernhard Cohn still worked as a supervisor in the bakery Wwe G. Brüning, Schlump 1, and earned 34 marks a week. In November 1938, the tax office reported to the Secret State Police that the family was preparing to relocate abroad and that Bernard Cohn had already emigrated to Poland.
On December 15, 1938, Dyna had to fill out the questionnaire for emigrants. Initially, she indicated Columbia as the country of exile, but later the possibility of escaping to the USA arose. The Cohns no longer had any assets. They needed the clearance certificate to be able to leave the country. The official in charge noted that three removal lists were still missing and that there was no jewelry apart from the wedding rings, only used table silver. The Cohns had no debts that needed to be paid.

The family of her brother Moses Lewinsohn, Grindelhof 71, her sister Mirjam with Hans Hirschfeldt, Grindelhof 17, as well as the family of her sister-in-law Minna, née Cohn, and Adolf Strauss had already emigrated. The emigration property of Dyna and Bernhard Cohn was examined on the basis of the lists in the "Investigation Report" by Customs Secretary Siedler on January 28, 1939. He did not order a Dego levy and found that all the listed items of clothing, footwear, glass and porcelain, beds, quilts and other household items had apparently been in the possession and regular use of the family for many years, including the very old Gritzner sewing machine from the parents' household, the opera glasses and the listed fur items. The stamp album was classified as a worthless children's stamp album. Only one set of cutlery per person was allowed to take with them from the registered silverware. On August 28, 1939, the foreign exchange office approved the removal goods purchased before 1933 for export, including 50 Hebrew books, a white and gold dinner set for meat dishes, a cobalt blue dinner set for milk dishes, two porcelain figurines - a dog and a bajazzo, an oil painting, as well as two prayer shawls and two pairs of prayer belts.

They had received the clearance certificate required for emigration on August 5, 1939. On September 13, 1939, a package containing fake cutlery and a doublé pin from jeweler Willi Ninow, Grindelberg 57, was released and it was noted that two chrome watches and a fake silver wristwatch were being worn.
On September 23, 1939, Dyna and Bernhard Cohn were able to embark on their passage to the USA with their 15-year-old daughter Renate, two days before the three passports were declared invalid. The removal goods were sent to Belgium via the forwarding agent Berthold Jacoby.

Bernhard's brother Julius Cohn, born on 16.1.1886 in Hamburg, who had been married to Paula, née Goldberg, born on 20.2.1896 in Melsungen, in Hamburg since September 30, 1930, became a victim of the Shoah. Both were deported from Hamburg to Minsk on November 8, 1941 and murdered, together with Paula's sister Julie and her husband Martin Josephs and their daughter Hannah. Stumbling stones commemorate them at Dillstraße 16 and Hudtwalckerstraße 28 (see www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de). Bernhard's other siblings escaped by fleeing abroad; Ruben Cohn survived under the most difficult conditions, hidden and cramped in a small room in Amsterdam, on the third floor of Ruysdaelstraat 26, with the couple Geerdina, née Zuiderweg, and Tjarko Hamminga, who were active in the resistance. He died on January 2, 1953 and his wife Frieda, née Kornetzki, on December 24, 1989 in Amsterdam.

The family of Manfred and Richard's aunt Henny Löbl, née Koschland, also managed to flee Amsterdam. They found a new home in the USA. The cousin, Julius Löbl, born 26.4.1910 in Hamburg, who was enrolled at Hamburg University in 1929/1930 to study medicine, is credited with the joint photo with Manfred Lewinsohn.

Their father's youngest sister, Mirjam Lewinsohn, had also followed him to Hamburg and enrolled at the Hamburg Medical Faculty on April 26, 1926 to study medicine. On April 2, 1930, she married Hans Hirschfeldt from Hamburg, born on March 25, 1898. After completing her medical studies and obtaining her license to practice medicine in January 1932, she was able to practice her profession as a general practitioner, Dr. med. Mirjam Hirschfeldt, in her practice at Winterhuder Marktplatz 2 until October 1, 1938.
They lived nearby at Grindhof 17 and their child Michael was born in July 1933 during a stay in London. Hans Hirschfeldt was a shipping agent by profession and earned RM 1107 in 1937, the last year before emigration.

Mirjam and her husband Hans Hirschfeldt and their 5-year-old son Michael managed to flee to the USA via Rotterdam on November 8, 1938, before the November pogrom. On December 2, the Reichsärztekammer demanded that the Chief Finance President pay the outstanding Medical Association dues; the 52.00 RM were to be transferred from a possibly existing blocked account.

Mirjam Hirschfeldt, née Lewinsohn, surnamed Field in exile, passed the American state examination in 1940 and headed the pathology department at the New England Hospital in Boston/Massachusetts in 1953, later working as a pathologist in private practice in East Orange/ New Jersey in 1963 and also working in this capacity for the Veterans Administration from 1965. Her husband Hans, now John Field, died at the age of 50 on December 25, 1948. Mirjam Field was 95 years old and died on March 25, 1999 in Walnut Creek, California.
Her son Michael also became a recognized physician. He died on August 28, 2014 in New York at the age of 81, leaving behind his wife Linda, née Seidel, and three sons and their families. Just one year earlier, he had asserted his right to apply for German citizenship.

Stand: July 2024
© Margot Löhr

Quellen: StaH 131-1 II Senatskanzlei, 3466 Margot Hirschkorn; StaH 213-13 Landgericht Hamburg,13581 Ella Lewinsohn, 16017 Moses Lewinsohn, 13749 Dyna Cohn, 21314 John Field, 27762 Mirjam Krawitz, 27920 Nanette Lewinsohn, 30556 Moses Lewinsohn, 32741 Margot Hirschkorn; StaH 231-7, B 1965-174 Moses Lewinsohn; StaH 314-15 Oberfinanzpräsident, FVg 3474 Strauß, Adolf, FVg 3996 Hans Hirschfeldt, FVg 3998, FVg 5866 Bernhard Cohn; StaH 332-3, Zivilstandsaufsicht, Heiratsregister B 53, 2241/1873 Hanna Glückstadt/Moses Jesaias Cohn; StaH 332-3, Zivilstandsaufsicht, Sterberegister C 159, 4783/1874 Ruben Simon Cohn; StaH 332-5 Standesämter, Geburtsregister 2203 u.4020/1889 Bernhard Cohn, 113981 u. 411/1910 Julius Löbl; StaH 332-5 Standesämter, Heiratsregister 8675 u. 178/1911 Moses Lewinsohn/Nannette Koschland; 8766 u. 471/1922 Dyna Lewinson/Bernhard Cohn; 13429 u.198/1930 Mirjam Lewinson; StaH 332-5 Standesämter, Sterberegister 106 u. 2112/1881 Rosette Cohn, 8041 u. 294/1917 Hertz Ruben Cohn; StaH 332-7 Staatsangehörigkeitsaufsicht, A III Moses Lewinsohn 1929, BVI 1921 Nr. 2490 Moses Lewinsohn, BVI 1924 Nr. 4850 Moses Lewinsohn; StaH 351-11 Wiedergutmachung 8507 Moses Lewinsohn,17422 Walter Moritz Lewinsohn, 42050 Margot Miriam Hirschkorn, 55518 Cohn, Bernhard, 6726 Cohn, Ruben; StaH 522-1 Jüdische Gemeinden Heiratsregister 702 d, Nr. 92/1857 Hertz Ruben Cohn/Rosette Auerbach; Arolsen Archives, Karten Judenrat Amsterdam Document ID: 130333398 Richard Lewinsohn, 130333395 Manfred Lewinsohn; Standesamt Frankfurt a.M., Sterberegister Bd V Nr. 2558/1884 Moses Jesaias Cohn, Bd III 1309/1897 Hanna Cohn; Standesamt Trier, Heiratsregister 95/1882 Johanna Ehrmann/Ruben Simon Cohn; Das Archiv von Utrecht in Utrecht (Niederlande), Bürger Anmeldung Todesfälle Burgerlijke Stand van de gemeenten in de provincie Utrecht 1903-1942, Utrecht, Archief 463, Inventarnummer 755-01, 02-09-1938, Utrecht 1938, Archiefnr. 1502. Heirat Abraham Roet und Naatje Vos am 29. Januar 1902 in Amsterdam (Noord-Hollands Archief), Heirat Frederika Roet und Manfred Lewinsohn am 7. Juli 1938 in Utrecht (Archief Utrecht). Villiez, Anna von, Mit aller Kraft verdrängt, Entrechtung und Verfolgung "nicht arischer" Ärzte in Hamburg 1933 bis 1945, Hamburg 2009. T. Spaans-van der Bijl, Utrecht in verzet, 1940-1945, Utrecht 2005, S.142, 228, 233. http://jüdischer-friedhof-altona.de/datenbank.html, Langenfelde, Ottensen, eingesehen am: 12.2.2022; Eintrag von "Mirjam Lewinsohn" im Matrikelportal online, URL: https://www.matrikelportal.uni-hamburg.de/receive/matrikelhh_matrikel_00006637, https://www.matrikelportal.uni-hamburg.de/servlets/solr/select?q=%2BallMeta_person%3ALöbl&fl=*&sort=familienname_search+asc&rows=10&version=4.5&mask=content%2Fsearch%2Feinfache_suche_person.xed&init=0&searchValue=Löbl, eingesehen 11.03.2021; https://www.openarch.nl/search.php?name=Frederika+Roet, https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/579967/frederika-lewinsohn-roet, https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/220481/rachel-roet; https://hetutrechtsarchief.nl/onderzoek/resultaten/personen-mais?mivast=39&miadt=39&mizig=100&miview=tbl&mizk_alle=Frederika+Roet, eingesehen 20.2.2021; https://www.matrikelportal.uni-hamburg.de/servlets/solr/select?q=%2BallMeta_person%3ALöbl&fl=*&sort=familienname_search+asc&rows=10&version=4.5&mask=content%2Fsearch%2Feinfache_suche_person.xed&init=0&searchValue=Löbl.