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Anna Salomon (née Wolff, verw. Grün) * 1876

Parkallee 82 (Eimsbüttel, Harvestehude)

HIER WOHNTE
ANNA SALOMON
GEB. WOLFF
VERW. GRÜN
JG. 1876
GEDEMÜTIGT / ENTRECHTET
FLUCHT IN DEN TOD
17.11.1941

further stumbling stones in Parkallee 82:
Irma Jacquet, Dr. Ferdinand Jacquet, Anna Stiel, Philipp Marx Stiel

Anna Salomon, née Wolff, widowed name Grün, born on 31 Jan. 1876 in Löbau, flight to death in Hamburg on 17 Nov. 1941

Parkallee 82, Harvestehude

Anna was born on 31 Jan. 1876 in Löbau, West Prussia (today Lubawa in Poland) as the child of the Jewish district physician (Kreisphysikus) with a doctorate Jacob Wolff and his wife Malwine, née Mannheim. In Prussia, a district physician took on official duties as a state health officer of the district. These included combating epidemics and attending to matters of forensic medicine. (These tasks were subsequently taken over by the municipal health departments as of 1 Apr. 1935.)

We know nothing about Anna Wolff’s childhood, youth, and training. She lived in Graudenz/West Prussia (today Grudziadz in Poland) in her first marriage with the Jewish Judicial Councilor (Justizrat) Julius Grün. Anna Grün’s mother Malwine, who died on 10 Aug. 1907, also lived there, and her husband Julius Grün passed away on 3 Feb. 1908. At this time widowed, from 1909 to 1913 Anna Grün moved to stay with her father, who lived at Barbarossastrasse 37 in Berlin-Schöneberg.

According to her passport a tall, slender woman with gray-brown eyes and dark brown hair, she had probably met Michel Salomon in Berlin. They married there on 14 Oct. 1913 and went to Hamburg together.

Michel Salomon was born in Paris on 9 Apr. 1862, the second of six children. His parents were the merchant Joseph Salomon and Jeanette Salomon, née Salomon. They moved with the children to Hamburg. (Michel Salomon’s mother died on 16 Apr. 1890 in Wiesbaden, his father on 25 Dec. 1916 in Hamburg).

For Michel Salomon, this was his second marriage; before that, he had been married to Erna Lindenfeld, born on 27 May 1875 in Kassel. The couple had divorced on 14 Feb. 1902 in Hamburg.

Before the couple Anna and Michel Salomon bought a house at Geffckenstrasse 6 in the upscale Eppendorf district on 2 Jan. 1914, they had lived at Heilwigstrasse 37/Eppendorf.

After the death of their father Joseph Salomon, sons Michel and Siegfried Salomon (born on 15 Apr. 1873) inherited the J & M Salomon export company for glass, porcelain and stoneware, located at Spitalerstrasse 9 (address: Barkhof Haus 2).

Michel Salomon was a member of the Jewish Community and paid Jewish religious taxes (Kultussteuer) from 1919 to 1930.

Anna’s father also moved from Berlin to Hamburg, on 17 May 1916. He initially resided with his daughter and son-in-law before moving to Oderfelderstrasse 13/Harvestehude. He died on 6 July 1922 at the age of 81 in his subsequent apartment, located at Beim Andreasbrunnen 9, which was within walking distance of his daughter’s home. He was buried in the Jewish Cemetery on Ilandkoppel. To this end, the family acquired a large grave with four gravesites.

On 5 Oct. 1936, Anna and Michel Salomon drew up a will together. After his death, the house at Geffckenstrasse 6 was to pass to his wife Anna as sole owner. Perhaps Michel Salomon had guessed that his death was imminent: He died on 22 Nov. 1936 at Thielengasse 2 in Winterhude in the apartment of his friends Irma and Ferdinand Otto Jacquet (see www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de). The cause of death is unknown to us. Irma Jacquet reported his death to the registry office. Michel Salomon was buried on 24 Nov. in the Jewish Cemetery on Ilandkoppel.

Michel’s brother Siegfried Salomon continued the business with two additional employees, but the Nazi restrictions made it increasingly difficult for him to keep going. On 18 Sept. 1937, he liquidated the J & M Salomon Company. On 7 Aug. 1939, the Chamber of Commerce applied for deletion from the company register, which was executed on 18 Sept. 1939.

After the death of her husband, Anna Salomon moved into a two-and-a-half-bedroom apartment at Parkallee 82. Due to a so-called "security order” ("Sicherungsanordnung”), she could no longer freely dispose of her money. Her account was henceforth controlled and monitored by the foreign currency office. She was only allowed to withdraw what she had been granted to cover her regular living expenses. Often her non-Jewish friend Gerda Wacker helped her out when she wished to transfer money to relatives in America, Britain, and Palestine.

Anna Salomon had owned a telephone since 1930. Since Gerda Wacker, who lived at Isestrasse 123 from 1940, also had a phone line, the women could communicate quickly, for example, when Anna Salomon was threatened with a house search.

On 19 Mar. 1940, Anna’s cousin Regina Dora Fuchs, née Mannheim (born on 23 Oct. 1888, in Posen [today Poznan in Poland]), lived briefly with Anna Salomon as a subtenant before emigrating to the United States (she passed away in New York on 1 Nov. 1956).

On 1 July 1940, Anna Salomon’s friend Irma Jacquet, likewise widowed, moved in with her. Irma and Anna, according to their non-Jewish friend Gerda Wacker after the war, were happy that their loneliness had ended. Bridge evenings were a common hobby enjoyed by both women. Their friend Gerda Wacker supported them in every way, including financially.

On 10 Jan. 1941, Anna transferred her house at Geffckenstrasse 6 to Gerda Wacker in return for her support and friendship. On 1 Jan. 1942, the Gestapo set an assessed value of 23,900 RM (reichsmark) for the house. For the house at Geffckenstrasse 6, Gerda Wacker had to pay to the tax office responsible for her income tax a compensatory levy of 10,000 RM to the benefit of the German Reich.

Gerda Wacker had helped Anna Salomon to prepare her emigration to America. However, she did not want to separate from her long-time friend Irma, and Irma was unable to take the decision to emigrate to Britain to join her sister Alide Gollancz. Thus, both women remained in Hamburg.

Anna paid Jewish religious taxes to the Jewish Community until her death on 17 Nov. 1941. She was assessed for the year 1941 at 1,180 RM.

On 18 Nov. 1941, Irma Jacquet was scheduled for deportation to the Minsk Ghetto. This prospect was unbearable for both women. Thus, on 17 Nov. 1941, Anna and Irma each injected themselves with morphine with suicidal intent. Anna Salomon died the same day. She had left a farewell letter on her bedside table with her passport and her last will and testament: "I am departing life voluntarily.”

Her friend Irma was transported to the Jewish Hospital on Johnsallee, where she died the next day. She was buried in the Jewish Cemetery on Ilandkoppel in grave M2 117 next to her brother Joseph Goldschmidt.

Anna Salomon was buried next to her husband Michel Salomon and her father Jacob Wolff in the Jewish Cemetery on Ilandkoppel Grave B 8–7. The funeral was paid for by Gerda Wacker.

The following details are known about the fate of Michel Salomon’s siblings:
Melanie Salomon (born on 6 Feb. 1858 in Paris) married the merchant Philipp Hauser (born on 26 Mar. 1855), who died in Hamburg on 2 Apr. 1914. Melanie Hauser followed him in Hamburg on 4 Nov. 1940. The couple was buried in the Jewish Cemetery on Ilandkoppel.

Cora Salomon (born on 26 Feb. 1867, in Hamburg) married the merchant Louis Lazarus (born on 22 Dec. 1859) in Wandsbek on 21 Aug. 1894, and with him, she had the children Jeanne, born on 25 May 1895, and Hertha Pauline, born on 25 Sept. 1898. The family emigrated to Denmark and survived Nazism.

Rosita Salomon (born on 10 Nov. 1868) married the lawyer William Altschul in Dresden on 8 July 1894, and with him, she had two children, Johanne Charlotte, born on 6 Dec. 1892, and Louisa, born on 7 Jan. 1894. William Altschul died in Dresden on 14 Aug. 1932. It is not known whether the children survived.

Siegfried Salomon (born on 15 Apr. 1873) married Martha Waldheim in Wandsbek on 3 Apr. 1910. Martha committed suicide on 21 Feb. 1942. Siegfried was deported to Theresienstadt on 19 July 1942. Stolpersteine to commemorate the couple are located at Sierichstrasse 56. See www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de.

Siegfried and Martha Salomon had two children, Marfriede Jeanette (born on 4 Dec. 1907) and Hans Siegfried, called Juan (born on 25 Feb. 1913). Juan was able to flee to Colombia in 1935; Marfriede fled to Italy in 1937 and survived the persecution in hiding there.

Michael’s youngest brother Oscar Salomon (born on 17 Nov. 1874) died in Hamburg and he was buried on 17 May 1925 in the Jewish Cemetery on Ilandkoppel

Translator: Erwin Fink
Kindly supported by the Hermann Reemtsma Stiftung, Hamburg.

Stand: December 2020
© Bärbel Klein

Quellen: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 7; 8; StaH 213-13_7864; 213-13_7865; 213-13_7865; 213-13_7866; 213-13_7867; 213-13_7868; 213-13_16691; 213-13_23726; 213-13_23727; 213-13_23728; 331-5_3 Akte 3306/1941; 332-5_101/1874; 332-5_2068/1892; 332-5_105/1894; 332-5_117/1894; 332-5_598/1894; 332-5_816/1916; 332-5_1622/1922; 332-5_151/1925; 332-5_2651/1932; 332-5_586/1936; 332-5_389/1941; 332-5_254/1976; 424-3_Abt. XXXII A II Ba 185; Heiratsurkunden Berlin 637/1913 und 171/1873 Einsicht 2.11.2019; Geburtsunterlagen Michel Salomon aus Berlin, Einsicht 2.11.2019; 741-4_K2445; 741-4_K2448; 741-4_K6849; 741-4_K7199; 741-4_K7469; Grundbuch Geffckenstraße 6, Einsicht 20.1.2020; www.Ancestry.de; www.wikipedea.de.
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