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Herbert Oettinger 1928
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Herbert Oettinger * 1896

Haynstraße 2 (Hamburg-Nord, Eppendorf)

HIER WOHNTE
HERBERT OETTINGER
JG. 1896
FLUCHT 1933 HOLLAND
INTERNIERT WESTERBORK
DEPORTIERT 1944
THERESIENSTADT
1944 AUSCHWITZ
ERMORDET

further stumbling stones in Haynstraße 2:
Betty Oettinger, Elinor Oettinger, Ralf Joseph Oettinger

Herbert Oettinger, born on 19 Jan. 1896 in Hamburg, deported on 26 Feb. 1944 from the Netherlands to Theresienstadt, deported on 28 Sept. 1944 to Auschwitz

Haynstrasse 2 (Eppendorf)

The name of Oettinger first appeared in the Hamburg directory in 1851: "H. N. J. Oettinger, Commissions-Geschäfte und Blutegel-Handlung en gros [commission business and wholesale leech trade], Rödingsmarkt 20.” Heimann Noa Oettinger (1823–1888), who had moved to Hamburg in 1849 from his birthplace Rakwitz (Polish: Rakoniewice) in the Prussian province of Posen, founded his company in Apr. 1850. Salomon Calvary (1833–1908) joined the business in May 1855 as a partner, and under the name of H. N. Oettinger & Co., the enterprise shifted its business activities to importing and exporting raw tobacco from Russia and Turkey. Already after one and a half years, Salomon Calvary left the company.

In 1855, Heimann Noa Oettinger acquired Hamburg civic rights (Bürgerrecht, i.e., citizenship). After having married Clara Jaffé (1835–1858) around 1855, a marriage that produced two daughters, Julie and Chaje Clara, in 1861, he entered a second marital union in Posen with her younger sister Emma Jaffè (1837–1917), with whom he had seven children, among them the four sons: Joseph, Martin, Ernst, and Moritz Oettinger. The family resided at Rödingsmarkt 70 (1861–1862), Deichstrasse 38 (in 1863), Grindelallee 25 (1864–1866), Dammtorstrasse 13 (1867–1868), Grosser Burstah 52 (1869–1871), Grosser Burstah 20 (1872–1877), Ferdinandstrasse 25 (1877–1878), and Hohe Bleichen 46 (1879–1888). Heimann Noa Oettinger was buried in 1888 in his native town of Rakwitz (Posen), where his parents Joseph Oettinger and Esther Oettinger, née Lazar, had both been buried in 1861. Emma Oettinger, née Jaffé, however, found her last resting place in the Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Jewish Cemetery in 1917.

Herbert Oettinger was born in Hamburg in 1896 as the son of the merchant Joseph Oettinger (1863–1929) and Recha Oettinger, née Rau (1872–1957), a native of Fürth. The parents had married in Jan. 1895 in the Hanseatic city, which was already home to a sister of the bride. Witnesses to the marriage were Martin Oettinger (30 years old, residing at Hallerstrasse 44) and Seligmann Goldschmitt (43 years old, residing at Hallerstrasse 40). After Herbert, the sisters Margarete "Grete” (1900–1998) and Ruth (1911–1985) were born. Joseph Oettinger had resided at Hallerstrasse 44 on the second floor (1890–1894), and after the wedding, the addresses were Klosterallee 25 (1895–1903), Jungfrauenthal 8 (1904–1911), and Oderfelderstrasse 25 (1912–1929, today house no. 42). Joseph Oettinger was a member of the Hamburg German-Israelitic Community and temporarily served as a board member of the orthodox main synagogue of Hamburg.

Herbert Oettinger attended the Talmud Tora School in Hamburg; in World War I, he was drafted as a soldier and fought on the western front. After the war, he settled in Amsterdam in 1919, opening his own tobacco import company there, and on 29 June 1925, he became a Dutch citizen.
His sister Margarete, five years younger, attended the Israelitische Höhere Mädchenschule (Lyzeum – a girls’ high school) at Bieberstrasse 4 (Rotherbaum) and studied sociology at Frankfurt University from Oct. 1921 to Mar. 1922, but she did not complete her studies and married in 1923.
Starting in Apr. 1931, his sister Ruth, 15 years his junior, trained in Hamburg as a public librarian at the Öffentliche Bücherhalle (on Kohlhöfen). At the end of her traineeship in the Eppendorf circulation office of the Bücherhalle, she was attested in Mar. 1931 to be "at the same time gifted with a good intellect and very well read in recent literature.” On 13 Apr. 1933, she was refused admission to the library school in Stettin (today Szczecin in Poland) because of her Jewish descent. In the same month, she emigrated to Britain (in 1949, she moved on to the USA).

Joseph Oettinger (1863–1929) and his brothers Martin Oettinger (1864–1925) and Ernst Oettinger (1867–1936) managed the H. N. Oettinger & Co. import and export company for raw tobacco (at Kehrwieder 6, in the duty-free port) of their father Heimann Noa Oettinger (1823–1888). The company was represented at the Hamburg Stock Exchange; for some time, its place was "pillar 22a stock pit H.” Joseph Oettinger was apparently responsible for the purchase and sales negotiations on location, as the passports issued almost annually document; the destination was mostly Russia. According to family tradition, Martin Oettinger is regarded as the leading personality of the company; Ernst Oettinger as the creative one. They were also involved in Jewish institutions: Ernst Oettinger was a member of the board of directors of the hospital of the Hamburg German-Israelitic Community (among others 1920–1929) as well as of the board of directors of the Israelite girls’ secondary school in Hamburg (among others, in the school year 1924/1925).

Business contacts were maintained in, among other countries, the Netherlands, where in Sept. 1928, Joseph Oettinger had taken out a loan of 35,000 Dutch guilders (= 47,700 reichsmark) with the Jules Roos N.V. banking house (Amsterdam). After the death of his father, Herbert Oettinger also joined the family business as a partner in 1929; in the same year, he became an independent member of the Hamburg German-Israelitic Community and the orthodox Synagogue Association (Synagogenverband).

Herbert Oettinger and Betti Ettinghausen (born on 14 Feb. 1907 in Frankfurt/Main) married in Frankfurt/Main on 27 Nov. 1928. Betti was born as the second child of Edmund Seligmann Ettinghausen (1881–1943) and Selma Ettinghausen, née Stern (1883–1943), in Frankfurt/Main and was named after her paternal grandmother. She had two siblings, Richard Ettinghausen (1906–1979) and Alice Helene Wreschner, née Ettinghausen (1910–1946). At the time of the wedding, the Ettinghausen family lived in Frankfurt/Main at Palmstrasse 11 near the Friedberger Anlage park area. Since 1922, Edmund Ettinghausen, together with his brother Felix Ettinghausen and Sally Rosenberg, had been the owner of a well-known coin shop.

Herbert and Betti Oettinger lived at Haynstrasse 2/4 (Eppendorf) after their wedding, according to the Hamburg directory. For the construction of this double-story house (1923/1924) by the architects Hans and Oskar Gerson, ten partners had joined forces to form the "Grundstücksgesellschaft Haynstrasse mbH,” a private limited real estate company, and thus also acquired the right to reside in one of the apartments. This model of the "tenant company” or "hire-purchase model” originated with the architects themselves. Herbert and Betti Oettinger had bought their shares. "The apartment building (Haynstrasse 2/4) has built one of the most beautiful portals of the twenties in Hamburg for its upper middle-class apartments, expressionistically decorative made of blue glazed clinker bricks (...).” In addition to two business shares totaling 5,400 RM (reichsmark), the Oettingers also owned a right of residence in the apartment at Haynstrasse 2 on the second floor. After Herbert Oettinger emigrated, his mother Recha Oettinger took over the shares and moved into the apartment. In Dec. 1937, she sold the shares to an executive board member of the Reemtsma Company under pressure of persecution.

Before Herbert Oettinger joined his grandfather’s business, he had the agreement on the separation of property with his wife Betti Oettinger entered in the register of matrimonial property of the Hamburg District Court (Amtsgericht) on 31 Dec. 1928. The wife’s assets were thus not liable for the company. On 7 Jan. 1929, Herbert Oettinger and his cousin Hellmuth Oettinger (1902–1957), a son of Ernst Oettinger, were entered in the company register as partners. In May 1932, the business was liquidated and the merchant Samuel Cohn (1868–1948) was appointed liquidator by the Johannes A. Petersen & Co. wine and spirits importing company; he had been married to Martha Oettinger (1871–1912), a sister of Joseph Oettinger. In Oct. 1931, Hellmuth Oettinger had already founded a company for raw tobacco under his own name (at Pickhuben 1) and was increasingly withdrawing from the family business; starting in 1936, he operated as an independent merchant in Belgium; the enterprise was deleted from the Hamburg Company Register in May 1937, and in May 1939, he moved to stay with his sister in Amsterdam.

As mentioned earlier, Herbert Oettinger already owned his own tobacco company in Amsterdam and had moved there in the spring of 1932. Hans Norbert Oettinger (1900–1944), a son of Martin Oettinger, had also founded his own tobacco trading company in Hamburg in 1930 (Hans N. Oettinger & Co.); after emigrating to Amsterdam, he established Orientaalse Tabakshandel N.V. there in 1934.

Margarete Loewenberg, née Oettinger, emigrated to the USA in 1938 with her husband, the teacher Ernst Loewenberg (born on 15 June 1896 in Hamburg) and their three sons. Her husband had been a qualified high school teacher (Studienrat) at the Lichtwark School in Hamburg from 1921 until his dismissal in 1934, and he had then worked as a teacher at the Talmud Tora School from 1 Apr. 1934 to 30 Sept. 1938. Attorney Kurt O. Stork (1897–1958) regulated the financial affairs of the Loewenberg couple in Hamburg (he emigrated with his wife and children to the Netherlands in 1939 and to the USA in the same year) until his professional ban on 30 Nov. 1938.

Herbert and Betti Oettinger had moved with their two-and-a-half-year-old daughter Elinor (born on 8 Sept. 1929 in Hamburg) to Amsterdam in the Netherlands in the spring of 1932; the registration there took place only on 13 June 1932, for their residential address at Michelangelostraat 45. Their son Ralf was born here in Sept. 1933. After the establishment of the Nazi dictatorship in their home country, Herbert and Betti Oettinger finally had no prospect of return. Since 1932, they had been trying to build a new life in the Netherlands; all family members had Dutch citizenship through Herbert Oettinger. Herbert Oettinger worked as an independent merchant, operating his own company in the tobacco trade (at Vorburgwal 227). Elinor attended the progressive non-denominational 1st Montessori School (at Corellistraat 1) and Ralf the Dalton School. The decision to stay permanently in the Netherlands ruled out any further emigration efforts by the family to Great Britain or the USA.

The invasion of the neutral Netherlands by the German Wehrmacht in May 1940 also meant the end to a legally secure life and to social participation for the Oettingers. The borders were sealed off by the Wehrmacht and flight movements, including to Great Britain by ship, were prevented by force. The Nazi occupiers brought with them their racial ideology, their terror, and their experience in occupying and making subservient a democratic state. At this time, Elinor attended in Amsterdam (in the Barlaeus Lyceum, at the intersection of Weteringschans 255a and Reguliersgracht) the "Joodse M.U.L.O.,” founded in 1927 by the "Kennis en Godsvrucht” association. As early as 1941, Jews in the occupied Netherlands were no longer allowed to attend public schools. In the spring of 1943, the Nazi occupiers ordered the school to be moved to an eastern district of Amsterdam. Due to the uncertain conditions in the occupied city and the long way to school, some Jewish parents joined forces and had their children taught at home. After initial doubts, however, Elinor attended the "Joodse M.U.L.O.” at the new location – she did not want to miss the school and her classmates. At school, she made friends with Robert Heilbut, also an emigrant child from Germany.

Herbert’s widowed mother Recha Oettinger also emigrated to Amsterdam in Jan. 1938, according to the file of the Hamburg Chief Finance Administrator (Oberfinanzpräsident), where she registered on 5 Feb. 1938 with the address of Euterpestraat 108 (Huize Lindemann). The lawyer Kurt O. Stork (born on 13 Mar. 1897), a relative of Herbert Oettinger, husband of Paula Stork, née Oettinger (1901–1974), a daughter of Ernst Oettinger, who ran law offices at Neuer Wall 10 on the fifth floor (Gutrufhaus), was appointed as a proxy. He submitted Recha Oettinger’s application for departure to the German authorities after she had already emigrated. Her valuable furniture was auctioned off by Carl F. Schlüter auctioneers (at Alsterufer 12). Attorney Stork subsequently transferred support payments from her blocked account to family members who were still living in Germany.

Herbert Oettinger’s father-in-law Edmund Ettinghausen (born on 5 Apr. 1881 in Frankfurt/Main) fled on 26 Nov. 1938 together with his wife Selma Ettinghausen from Frankfurt/Main (Palmstrasse 11) to join his daughter and son-in-law in Amsterdam. Together with his brother Felix Ettinghausen (born on 3 June 1892, emigrated in 1939), he owned the prestigious Sally Rosenberg oHG [general partnership] coin dealership, which they had been forced to close in Aug. 1938. During the November Pogrom of 1938, the Friedberger Anlage synagogue in the immediate vicinity of his apartment was destroyed. In Amsterdam, they lived for about one and a half years at Rubensstraat 38, then for two months at Euterpestraat 173 and from 3 Sept. 1940 at Michelangelostraat 45.

After the invasion of the German Wehrmacht in May 1940, the German Jews were also exposed to anti-Jewish persecution and plundering there. The systematic nature and meticulousness of the approach left the victims almost no way out; in case of violation, arrest and imprisonment threatened. Half a year after the occupation, the assets were recorded nationwide. On 22 Oct. 1940, an ordinance came into force according to which Jews had to register their companies and business shares with the respective values. On 8 Aug. 1941, the Ordinance "on the treatment of Jewish capital assets” stipulated that securities accounts and credit balances of Jews were to be transferred to Lippmann Rosenthal & Co. banking house, "Liro” (Amsterdam), which had been under German administration since the occupation. Jewish companies, associations, and private individuals had to register these values if they had assets of ten thousand guilders or more and an annual income of three thousand guilders or more. As in Nazi Germany, Jewish account and securities account holders had to have withdrawals and sales approved. In May 1942, the regulations were extended; at this time, the Oettingers had to hand in jewelry, gold and silver objects, as well as art objects and antiques to the "Liro plunder bank” ("Raubbank Liro”).

An ordinance on the obligation to register Jews took effect on 27 Jan. 1941, based on which the identity cards (Dutch: "identiteitsbewijzen”) were marked with a "J.” Starting in May 1942, Jews in the Netherlands had to wear a yellow star on their clothes. On 4 July 1942, the German occupying forces called on Jews to report to the Westerbork camp, which was by then under German leadership, for "labor deployment to Germany.” When only a few people obeyed these instructions, the first big raid took place ten days later. In the following months, Jews from the Netherlands were systematically interned in the Westerbork "transit camp” and deported by trains to extermination camps in the conquered Eastern European territories.

Herbert Oettinger, as "Districtsleider Zuid HAV” (at Bachstraat 1), was one of the members of the Amsterdam Jews’ Council (Judenrat) who had to provide organizational support for the "emigration” of Community members (HAV = Hulp aan Vertrekkenden = help for departing persons). The Jews’ Council also endeavored to help the inmates of the Westerbork camp with clothing and food, as state social services had stopped support Jews at the behest of the occupiers.

Herbert Oettinger’s activities for the Amsterdam Jews’ Council ("Joodsche Raad”) meant that the family was temporarily deferred from deportation. On 20 June 1943, however, most staff members of the Jews’ Council were interned in the Westerbork transit camp. In the meantime, a large part of the Dutch Jews had already been deported and only a few workers were still needed for further organizational work. The Oettinger family was also arrested in Amsterdam on 20 June 1943 and interned in the Westerbork concentration camp.

Their furniture left behind was confiscated immediately. In the 1950s, the executor Ernst Loewenberg stated in restitution proceedings before the Hamburg Regional Court (Landgericht) that furniture and household effects of the Oettinger family had been stored in 1943 with the Amsterdam-based De Gruyter & Co. and Transport-Mij. ‘Holland’ shipping companies and that they were confiscated by the "Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR)” in Mar. 1944. The task of this Nazi organization, headed by the Nazi party (NSDAP) ideologist Alfred Rosenberg, was the theft of cultural property owned by Jews and Freemasons in the countries occupied by the Wehrmacht. Those who enriched themselves with the Oettingers’ home furnishings can no longer be established for lack of corresponding documents – however, the theft is beyond all question.

Edmund and Selma Ettinghausen, who had been arrested on 11 Mar. 1943, were deported from the Westerbork camp to the Sobibor extermination camp on 25 May 1943, where they were presumably murdered immediately upon arrival on 28 May 1943.

The four-member Oettinger family was deported from the Westerbork camp to the Theresienstadt Ghetto on 25 Feb. 1944, but this was only a stopover within the Nazi camp system. Herbert Oettinger was further deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp on 28 Sept. 1944 and presumably murdered immediately upon arrival. His deportation to Auschwitz was veiled with reference to an alleged labor deployment in Germany.
Betti Oettinger and the children Elinor and Ralf were deported to Auschwitz in Oct. 1944 and murdered there immediately after their arrival in the gas chambers.

Recha Oettinger, committed to the Westerbork camp on 1 Nov. 1943 and deported to the Theresienstadt Ghetto on 16 Sept. 1944, was liberated there by the Soviet Red Army. In Aug. 1945, she arrived back in Amsterdam, realized that her son’s family had been murdered, and emigrated to the USA to join her daughter Margarete.

Stolpersteine were laid for Herbert, Betti, Elinor, and Ralph Oettinger, as well as Edmund and Selma Ettinghausen in Amsterdam (at Michelangelostraat 45) in 2016. In Hamburg, Stolpersteine had been laid for the Oettinger family in front of Haynstrasse 2 (Eppendorf) in July 2009.

Herbert’s cousin Walter Oettinger (1905–1943) is commemorated by a Stolperstein at Bei der Matthäuskirche 5 (Winterhude). For Elisabeth "Lotte” Oettinger, née Oettinger (1909–1940), daughter of Ernst Oettinger, her husband (and cousin) Friedrich "Fritz” Oettinger, son of Martin Oettinger, and the two children, Stolpersteine are located at Maria-Louisen-Strasse 104 (Winterhude). Stolpersteine at Isestrasse 113 bear the names of Herbert’s aunt Clara (Claire) Oettinger, née Seckel (1872–1945), and her son Hans Norbert Oettinger (1900–1944).

Translator: Erwin Fink
Kindly supported by the Hermann Reemtsma Stiftung, Hamburg.

Stand: June 2020
© Björn Eggert

Quellen: Hamburger Staatsarchiv (StaH) 213-13 (Landgericht Hamburg, Wiedergutmachung), 16390 (Jewish Trust Corporation für Recha Oettinger); StaH 213-13 (Landgericht Hamburg, Wiedergutmachung), 20350 (Recha Oettinger); StaH 231-7 (Handelsregister), A 1 Band 22 (H. N. Oettinger HR A 5718); StaH 231-7 (Handelsregister), B 1965-138 (H. N. Oettinger); StaH 232-1 (Vormundschaftsbehörde), Serie I, 9028 (Hermann Noa Oettinger, 1861); StaH 314-15 (Oberfinanzpräsident), F 1894 (Recha Oettinger geb. Rau); StaH 314-15 (OFP), F 1548 (Dr. Ernst Loewenberg u. Margarete Loewenberg geb. Oettinger); StaH 332-3 (Zivilstandsaufsicht 1866–1875), A Nr. 32 (Geburtsregister 3027/1867 Ernst Oettinger); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 242 u. 997/1888 (Sterberegister 1888, Heimann Noa Oettinger); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8571 u. 20/1895 (Heiratsregister 1895, Joseph Oettinger u. Recha Rau); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 13277 u. 2970/1900 (Geburtsregister 1900, Margarete Oettinger); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8011 u. 491/1912 (Sterberegister 1912, Martha Cohn geb. Oettinger); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8039 u. 38/1917 (Sterberegister 1917, Emma Oettinger geb. Jaffé); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 8097 u. 320/1929 (Sterberegister 1929, Joseph Oettinger); StaH 332-5 (Standesämter), 1009 u. 320/1933 (Sterberegister 1933, Dr. med. Moritz Oettinger); StaH 332-7 (Staatsangehörigkeitsaufsicht), A I e 40 Band 7 (Bürger-Register 1845–1875 L–R) Heinr. Noa Oettinger (Nr. 470/ 20.4.1855); StaH 332-7 (Staatsangehörigkeitsaufsicht), A I e 40 Band 10 (Bürger-Register 1876-1896 L-Z) Jos. Oettinger (Nr. 17041/6.6.1890), Mart. Oettinger, Gerichtsschreibergehilfe (Nr. 19969/21.10.1892); StaH 332-7 (Staatsangehörigkeitsaufsicht), A I e 40 Band 9 (Bürgerregister 1876–1896, A-K, Nr. 10751/1883 Seligmann Goldschmitt geb. 26.7.1851 in Heidingsfeld); StaH 332-8 (Meldewesen), K 6684 (Alte Einwohnermeldekartei 1892–1925), Martin Oettinger; StaH 332-8 (Meldewesen), A 24 Band 120 (Reisepassprotokolle 1914, Nr. 1467 Herbert Oettinger); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 49467 (Elinor Oettinger); StaH 351-11 (Amt für Wiedergutmachung), 36620 (Ruth Oettinger); StaH 522-1 (Jüdische Gemeinde), 992b (Kultussteuerkartei der Deutsch Israelitischen Gemeinde Hamburg) Hellmuth Oettinger, Herbert Oettinger, Joseph Oettinger/Recha Oettinger; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden, Heiratsurkunde 1208/1928 Frankfurt/Main (Herbert N. Oettinger u. Betti Ettinghausen); Universität Frankfurt/Main, Universitätsarchiv (Studentenakte Margarete Oettinger mit Anmeldekarte, Erkennungskarte mit Lichtbild und Abgangszeugnis); Institut für Stadtgeschichte Frankfurt/Main, Gewerbesteuerkartei (Sally Rosenberg oHG), Hausstandsbuch (Emmerich-Josef-Str. 39 I); Jüdisches Museum Frankfurt/Main (Informationen zu Edmund Ettinghausen); Erinnerungszentrum Kamp Westerbork, Archiv (Herbert Noa Oettinger, Betti Oettinger geb. Ettinghausen, Elinor Oettinger, Ralf Oettinger, Recha Oettinger geb. Rau, Edmund Ettinghausen, Selma Ettinghausen geb. Stern, Berta Ettinghausen geb. Feitler); Bundesarchiv Koblenz, Gedenkbuch; Jüdischer Friedhof Hamburg-Ohlsdorf, Gräberverzeichnis (Joseph Oettinger G 10, Martin Oettinger C9-15, Gertrud Henriette Oettinger C9-13, Ernst Oettinger O3-4, Esther Oettinger O3-3); Handelskammer Hamburg, Handelsregisterinformationen, (H. N. Oettinger & Co, HR A 5718; Hans N. Oettinger, HR A 37552 und später HR B 1719; Hellmuth Oettinger, HR A 37249); Hamburger Börsenfirmen 1910, S. 488 (H.N. Oettinger & Co, Kehrwieder 6, Inh. Joseph Oettinger, Martin Oettinger, Ernst Oettinger, Pfeiler 50 Sitz a); Hamburger Börsenfirmen, 1926, S. 773 (H. N. Oettinger & Co, Kehrwieder 6, Inhaber Joseph u. Ernst Oettinger); Hamburger Börsenfirmen, Hamburg 1935, S. 633 (Hellmuth Oettinger, gegr. 1931, Rohtabak, Pickhuben 1); Adressbuch Hamburg (H. N. Oettinger), 1851, 1862–1864, 1866–1872, 1874–1875, 1877–1879, 1882, 1885, 1888; Adressbuch Hamburg (Joseph Oettinger) 1890, 1893–1895, 1900, 1902–1904, 1907, 1910–1912, 1914, 1920; Adressbuch Hamburg (Herbert Oettinger) 1930–1932; Telefonbuch Hamburg 1931 (Oettinger); Georg Czapski, Die Judengesetzgebung der deutschen Verwaltung waehrend der Besetzung der Niederlande im Zweiten Weltkrieg, Den Haag ca. 1945, S. 7–8, 14, 18, 20–21; Martin Gilbert, Endlösung – Die Vertreibung und Vernichtung der Juden – ein Atlas, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1982, S. 106, 160 (Westerbork); Hermann Hipp, DuMont-Kunst-Reiseführer Hamburg, Köln 1990, S. 396 (Haynstraße 2–4); Claus-Dieter Krohn/Patrik von zur Mühlen/Gerhard Paul/ Lutz Winckler (Hrsg.), Handbuch der deutschsprachigen Emigration 1933–1945, 2008, S. 321–331 (Niederlande); Koordinierungsstelle für Kulturgutverluste Magdeburg (Hrsg.), Kulturgüter im Zweiten Weltkrieg, Verlagerung – Auffindung – Rückführung, Magdeburg 2007, S. 27, 29–30 (Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg); Frank Meier Loewenberg, The Family of Levi and Friederike Lowenberg, Jerusalem 1999 (Margarete Loewenberg geb. Oettinger); Frank Meier Loewenberg, H.N.Oettinger Family Tree, Jerusalem 2004; Ina Lorenz, Die Juden in Hamburg zur Zeit der Weimarer Republik, Hamburg 1987, S. 389, 502, 514 (Ernst Oettinger); Heiko Morisse, Jüdische Rechtsanwälte in Hamburg, Ausgrenzung und Verfolgung im NS-Staat, Hamburg 2003, S. 162 (Dr. Kurt Oswald Stork); Ursula Randt, Die Talmud Tora Schule in Hamburg 1805 bis 1942, Hamburg 2005, S. 251/252 (Ernst Loewenberg); Ursula Randt, Zur Geschichte des jüdischen Schulwesens in Hamburg, in: Ina Lorenz (Hrsg.), Zerstörte Geschichte. Vierhundert Jahre jüdisches Leben in Hamburg, Hamburg 2005, S. 94 (Israelitische Höhere Mädchenschule, Fanny Philip); Jürgen Sielemann, Aber seid alle beruhigt. Briefe von Regina van Son an ihre Familie 1941–1942, Hamburg 2005, S. 135, 138, 140–143, 145-147, 150, 164, 170, 179, 206/207; Wolfgang Voigt, Hans und Oskar Gerson. Hanseatische Moderne, Hamburg 2000, S. 28, 74–79, 101 (Großwohnhäuser); http://blankgenealogy.com/getperson.php?personID=I10159&tree=Blank1 (Herbert u. Betty Oettinger, eingesehen 17.9.2018); http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=9168051&ct=7942721 (Ralf Oettinger, eingesehen 17.9.2018); https://www.geni.com/people/Betty-Oettinger/6000000011206535816 (Betty Oettinger); https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=1907322&_ffmpar[_id_inhalt]=3570826 (Stolperstein Berta Ettinghausen); www.joodsmonument.nl; www.ancestry.de (Heiratsregister Halle/Saale 664/1904, Dr. med. Moritz Oettinger u. Martha Frank); www.ancestry.de (Kurt/Curtius O. Stork: 1924 Heirat mit Paula Oettinger, 1939 wohnhaft Amsterdam, Dez. 1939 Emigration mit S.S. Volendam von Rotterdam nach New York, 1942 tätig bei Federal Jewish Fund, 1942 Einzugsregistrierung US-Armee, 1945 US-Einbürgerungsregister); www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de (Hugo Cohen, Tätigkeit für Judenrat Amsterdam; Moritz Bacharach, Amsterdam; Walter Oettinger; Hans Norbert Oettinger); Bericht von Robert H. (Israel) 2004 (Elinor Oettinger u. Joodse Mulo); Informationen und Fotos von Frank Loewenberg, 2016 und 2019.