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© Yad Vashem Photo Archiv 5339/556
Frieda Lissauer (née Silberberg) * 1888
Mittelweg 151 (Eimsbüttel, Rotherbaum)
HIER WOHNTE
FRIEDA LISSAUER
GEB. SILBERBERG
JG. 1888
FLUCHT HOLLAND
DEPORTIERT 1943
AUSCHWITZ
ERMORDET
further stumbling stones in Mittelweg 151:
Kurt Lissauer
Frieda und Kurt Lissauer
Frieda Lissauer, née Silberberg, was born in Hamburg on 31 Oct. 1888. She was married to the merchant Martin Moses Lissauer (born on 22 Aug. 1878). Martin Moses Lissauer passed away on 25 Nov. 1934. At this time, the family lived at Mittelweg 151.
The marriage produced the children Kurt (born on 13 Aug. 1910) and Hans (born on 17 Mar. 1913). For about a year, Frieda and Kurt Lissauer continued to live at Rothenbaumchaussee 91. As emerges from the Jewish religious tax (Kultussteuer) card file of the Jewish Community, afterward the family moved to Hildegardstrasse 2 a in Berlin-Wilmersdorf in 1937. For 1 Mar. 1938, however, the tax card contains the following note: "Not registered with the authorities in Berlin.” In fact, by this time, Frieda and Kurt were already in the Netherlands.
Thanks to enquiries by our Dutch colleague Lucas Bruijn, by now we know that Frieda and Kurt Lissauer registered with the police authorities in Amsterdam on 10 Dec. 1937, Kurt initially at Michal Angelostraat 31, his mother Frieda at Albrecht Durerstraat 2 hs. Frieda moved there from Hamburg, Kurt from Cologne. On 9 Feb. 1938, they were eventually able to share accommodation at Albrecht Durerstraat 5 on the third floor.
After the occupation of the Netherlands, anti-Jewish legislation was introduced there as well and a "Jews’ council” (Joodse Raad) established. Mother and son worked in its administration, Frieda Lissauer in the "general service” ("Allgemeiner Dienst”) and Kurt in the "internal service” ("Interner Dienst”).
On 20 June 1943, Frieda was committed together with many other employees of the "Jews’ council” to the Westerbork transit camp. From the camp, she still tried to obtain a "Palestine certificate” in order to move to her son, allegedly living in Palestine, or at least make it to the "Bergen-Belsen exchange camp.” There, the SS had divided off part of the prisoner-of-war camp, setting it up for Jews that might serve toward exchange for Germans interned abroad, foreign currency, or goods. As hostages, these persons were exempted from annihilation (for the time being). Persons coming into consideration as "exchange prisoners” were predominantly Jews with official immigration papers for Palestine, with citizenship of western enemy nations, or those having held high positions in Jewish organizations. Frieda Lissauer’s hopes remained unfulfilled, and she did not obtain a certificate; only her deportation was slightly delayed by her efforts. On 7 Sept. 1943, she was deported to Auschwitz, where she was murdered soon after arrival. 10 Sept. 1943 is considered her date of death. She never saw her son Kurt again.
He had been detained since 2 Apr. 1943 in the Vught camp, one of the concentration camps the SS set up in the Netherlands. We do not know the types of work Kurt Lissauer was compelled to perform, only that he was in the infirmary in Dec. 1943. In Apr. or May 1944, he was transferred to the Westerbork camp and deported from there to Theresienstadt on 4 Sept. 1944 and on the so-called "fall transports” to Auschwitz on 29 Sept. 1944. The date of death recorded there is 28 Feb. 1945.
At the end of the 1930s, Hans Lissauer lived in Berlin, and even before the war, he was able to emigrate to the USA, where he was registered in Philadelphia in 1940. He later changed his name to Liss, got married, and started a family. He passed away in 1981.
Translator: Erwin Fink
Kindly supported by the Hermann Reemtsma Stiftung, Hamburg.
Stand: March 2017
© Beate Meyer
Quellen: Staatsarchiv Hamburg, 522-1, Jüdische Gemeinden, 992b, Kultussteuerkartei; Yad Vashem, The Central Database of Shoa Victims: www.yadvashem.org
Digital Monument to the Jewish Community in the Netherlands: www.joodsmonument.nl
Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Archiefkaart Kurt Lissauer u. Frieda Lissauer-Silberberg; Theresienstädter Gedenkbuch; familytrees.genopro.com; Auskunft Lucas Bruijn, div. E-mails Nov. und Dez. 2012; Auskunft Jose Martin, Joods Monument, v. 17.12.2012.
